Trend AnalysisManagement & Business
Building Back Differently: Organizational Resilience in the Post-Pandemic Landscape
The pandemic was a stress test that few organizational resilience frameworks had anticipated in their severity parameters. Five years later, the question has shifted from survival to structural learni...
By Sean K.S. Shin
This blog summarizes research trends based on published paper abstracts. Specific numbers or findings may contain inaccuracies. For scholarly rigor, always consult the original papers cited in each post.
The pandemic was a stress test that few organizational resilience frameworks had anticipated in their severity parameters. Five years later, the question has shifted from survival to structural learning: which organizations actually changed how they operate, and which merely endured?
Cardoso, Figueiredo, Oliveira, and Pocinho (2025) investigate this through the lens of digital transformation, examining how digital business models and innovation capabilities mediate the relationship between crisis response and sustained performance. Grounded in resilience theory and the dynamic capabilities framework, their study finds that organizations which treated digital transformation as an adaptive capacityโrather than a cost-reduction exerciseโemerged with measurably stronger performance trajectories. The key differentiator was not technology adoption per se, but the development of a digital culture that enabled rapid reconfiguration of business processes. Organizations that had invested in digital literacy before the crisis were able to pivot faster, not because they had better tools, but because their people could use the tools they had.
Mei, Chen, and Sun (2024) focus on the leadership dimension, examining how adaptive leaders navigate the particular challenge of sustained uncertainty. Their analysis identifies three leadership capabilities that proved critical: rapid sense-making under ambiguity, transparent communication that acknowledges what is not known, and the emotional intelligence to support teams through prolonged stress without pretending the stress is over. The study observes that command-and-control leadership styles, which can be effective in acute crises, became counterproductive during the pandemic's extended duration. Leaders who maintained tight control found their organizations brittle; those who distributed decision-making authority found their organizations more adaptive, though also more difficult to coordinate.
Rogozeanu Draghia, Popescu, and Braicu (2025) add an innovation lens, investigating how organizations integrated novel solutions during crisis and whether those innovations persisted afterward. Their findings reveal a common pattern: crisis-driven innovationsโcontactless service delivery, virtual collaboration protocols, automated workflowsโwere adopted rapidly but often abandoned or scaled back once immediate pressure subsided. The organizations that retained their crisis innovations were those that formalized them into standard operating procedures before the urgency faded. This suggests that organizational resilience is not just about responding to shocks but about institutionalizing the lessons learned before organizational memory resets to pre-crisis defaults.
A synthesis of these studies points to a paradox in resilience thinking. The capabilities that make organizations resilientโdistributed authority, experimental culture, tolerance for ambiguityโare often at odds with the efficiency-oriented management practices that dominate in stable periods. Building resilience therefore requires a degree of deliberate inefficiency: maintaining slack resources, running parallel experiments, preserving redundant communication channels. The organizations that cut these "inefficiencies" during good times were precisely those that struggled most when the crisis hit.
The practical implication is architectural rather than tactical. Resilience cannot be bolted on as a crisis management plan; it must be woven into organizational designโgovernance structures, incentive systems, information flows, and the cultural norms that determine how quickly an organization can shift from exploitation to exploration when the environment demands it.
๋ฉด์ฑ
์กฐํญ: ์ด ๊ฒ์๋ฌผ์ ์ ๋ณด ์ ๊ณต์ ๋ชฉ์ ์ผ๋ก ํ ์ฐ๊ตฌ ๋ํฅ ๊ฐ์์ด๋ค. ํน์ ์ฐ๊ตฌ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ, ํต๊ณ ๋ฐ ์ฃผ์ฅ์ ํ์ ์ฐ๊ตฌ์์ ์ธ์ฉํ๊ธฐ ์ ์ ์๋ณธ ๋
ผ๋ฌธ๊ณผ ๋์กฐํ์ฌ ๊ฒ์ฆํด์ผ ํ๋ค.
ํฌ๋ฐ๋ฏน์ ๊ธฐ์กด์ ์ด๋ค ์กฐ์ง ํ๋ณตํ๋ ฅ์ฑ ํ๋ ์์ํฌ๋ ๊ทธ ์ฌ๊ฐ์ฑ์ ์ถฉ๋ถํ ์์ธกํ์ง ๋ชปํ๋ ์ผ์ข
์ ์คํธ๋ ์ค ํ
์คํธ์๋ค. 5๋
์ด ์ง๋ ์ง๊ธ, ํต์ฌ ์ง๋ฌธ์ ์์กด์์ ๊ตฌ์กฐ์ ํ์ต์ผ๋ก ์ด๋ํ๋ค. ์ฆ, ์ด๋ค ์กฐ์ง์ด ์ค์ ๋ก ์ด์ ๋ฐฉ์์ ๋ฐ๊พธ์๊ณ , ์ด๋ค ์กฐ์ง์ ๋จ์ง ์๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๊ฒฌ๋๋์ ๋ฟ์ธ๊ฐ?
Cardoso, Figueiredo, Oliveira, Pocinho(2025)๋ ๋์งํธ ์ ํ์ ๊ด์ ์์ ์ด ๋ฌธ์ ๋ฅผ ํ๊ตฌํ๋ฉฐ, ๋์งํธ ๋น์ฆ๋์ค ๋ชจ๋ธ๊ณผ ํ์ ์ญ๋์ด ์๊ธฐ ๋์๊ณผ ์ง์์ ์ฑ๊ณผ ๊ฐ์ ๊ด๊ณ๋ฅผ ์ด๋ป๊ฒ ๋งค๊ฐํ๋์ง ๊ฒํ ํ๋ค. ํ๋ณตํ๋ ฅ์ฑ ์ด๋ก ๊ณผ ๋์ ์ญ๋ ํ๋ ์์ํฌ์ ๊ธฐ๋ฐํ ์ด ์ฐ๊ตฌ๋, ๋์งํธ ์ ํ์ ๋น์ฉ ์ ๊ฐ ์๋จ์ด ์๋ ์ ์์ ์ญ๋์ผ๋ก ์ธ์ํ ์กฐ์ง์ด ์ธก์ ๊ฐ๋ฅํ๊ฒ ๋ ๊ฐํ ์ฑ๊ณผ ๊ถค์ ์ ๋ณด์ด๋ฉฐ ์๊ธฐ์์ ๋ฒ์ด๋ฌ์์ ๋ฐ๊ฒฌํ๋ค. ํต์ฌ์ ์ธ ์ฐจ๋ณํ ์์๋ ๊ธฐ์ ๋์
๊ทธ ์์ฒด๊ฐ ์๋๋ผ, ๋น์ฆ๋์ค ํ๋ก์ธ์ค์ ์ ์ํ ์ฌ๊ตฌ์ฑ์ ๊ฐ๋ฅํ๊ฒ ํ๋ ๋์งํธ ๋ฌธํ์ ๋ฐ์ ์ด์๋ค. ์๊ธฐ ์ด์ ์ ๋์งํธ ๋ฆฌํฐ๋ฌ์์ ํฌ์ํ ์กฐ์ง์ ๋ ๋น ๋ฅด๊ฒ ๋ฐฉํฅ์ ์ ํํ ์ ์์๋๋ฐ, ์ด๋ ๋ ์ข์ ๋๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ๋ณด์ ํด์๊ฐ ์๋๋ผ ๊ตฌ์ฑ์๋ค์ด ๋ณด์ ํ ๋๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ํ์ฉํ ์ ์์๊ธฐ ๋๋ฌธ์ด๋ค.
Mei, Chen, Sun(2024)์ ๋ฆฌ๋์ญ ์ฐจ์์ ์ด์ ์ ๋ง์ถ์ด, ์ ์์ ๋ฆฌ๋๋ค์ด ์ง์์ ์ธ ๋ถํ์ค์ฑ์ด๋ผ๋ ํน์ํ ๋์ ์ ์ด๋ป๊ฒ ํค์ณ ๋๊ฐ๋์ง ๋ถ์ํ๋ค. ์ด๋ค์ ๋ถ์์ ์ธ ๊ฐ์ง ํต์ฌ ๋ฆฌ๋์ญ ์ญ๋์ ์๋ณํ๋ค. ๋ฐ๋ก ๋ชจํธํ ์ํฉ์์์ ์ ์ํ ์๋ฏธ ํ์
, ์ ์ ์๋ ๊ฒ์ ์ธ์ ํ๋ ํฌ๋ช
ํ ์ํต, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ ์คํธ๋ ์ค๊ฐ ๋๋ ์ฒํ์ง ์์ผ๋ฉด์๋ ์ฅ๊ธฐ์ ์ธ ์คํธ๋ ์ค๋ฅผ ๊ฒฌ๋๋ ํ์ ์ง์ํ๋ ์ ์ ์ง๋ฅ์ด๋ค. ์ด ์ฐ๊ตฌ๋ ๊ธ์ฑ ์๊ธฐ ์ํฉ์์๋ ํจ๊ณผ์ ์ผ ์ ์๋ ๋ช
๋ น-ํต์ ํ ๋ฆฌ๋์ญ ์คํ์ผ์ด ํฌ๋ฐ๋ฏน์ ์ฅ๊ธฐํ ๊ตญ๋ฉด์์๋ ์คํ๋ ค ์ญํจ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋๋ค๊ณ ์ง์ ํ๋ค. ๊ฐ๋ ฅํ ํต์ ๋ฅผ ์ ์งํ ๋ฆฌ๋๋ค์ ์กฐ์ง์ ๊ฒฝ์ง์ฑ์ ๋ณด์ธ ๋ฐ๋ฉด, ์์ฌ๊ฒฐ์ ๊ถํ์ ๋ถ์ฐ์ํจ ๋ฆฌ๋๋ค์ ์กฐ์ง์ ๋ ๋์ ์ ์๋ ฅ์ ๋ณด์์ผ๋ ์กฐ์จ์ ๋ ์ด๋ ค์ ๋ค.
Rogozeanu Draghia, Popescu, Braicu(2025)๋ ํ์ ์ ๊ด์ ์ ์ถ๊ฐํ์ฌ, ์กฐ์ง์ด ์๊ธฐ ๋์ ์๋ก์ด ํด๊ฒฐ์ฑ
์ ์ด๋ป๊ฒ ํตํฉํ์ผ๋ฉฐ ๊ทธ ํ์ ์ด ์ดํ์๋ ์ง์๋์๋์ง๋ฅผ ์กฐ์ฌํ๋ค. ์ด๋ค์ ์ฐ๊ตฌ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ ํ๋์ ๊ณตํต๋ ํจํด์ ๋๋ฌ๋ธ๋ค. ๋น์ ์ด ์๋น์ค ์ ๊ณต, ๊ฐ์ ํ์
ํ๋กํ ์ฝ, ์๋ํ๋ ์ํฌํ๋ก์ฐ ๋ฑ ์๊ธฐ ์ฃผ๋ ํ์ ๋ค์ ๋น ๋ฅด๊ฒ ๋์
๋์์ง๋ง, ์ฆ๊ฐ์ ์ธ ์๋ฐ์ด ์ํ๋๋ฉด ์ข
์ข
ํ๊ธฐ๋๊ฑฐ๋ ์ถ์๋์๋ค. ์๊ธฐ ํ์ ์ ์ ์งํ ์กฐ์ง๋ค์ ๊ธด๋ฐ๊ฐ์ด ์ฌ๋ผ์ง๊ธฐ ์ ์ ์ด๋ฅผ ํ์ค ์ด์ ์ ์ฐจ๋ก ๊ณต์ํํ ์กฐ์ง๋ค์ด์๋ค. ์ด๋ ์กฐ์ง์ ํ๋ณตํ๋ ฅ์ฑ์ด ์ถฉ๊ฒฉ์ ๋์ํ๋ ๊ฒ๋ง์ด ์๋๋ผ, ์กฐ์ง์ ๊ธฐ์ต์ด ์๊ธฐ ์ด์ ๊ธฐ๋ณธ๊ฐ์ผ๋ก ์ด๊ธฐํ๋๊ธฐ ์ ์ ํ์ตํ ๊ตํ์ ์ ๋ํํ๋ ๊ฒ์์ ์์ฌํ๋ค.
์ด ์ฐ๊ตฌ๋ค์ ์ข
ํฉ์ ํ๋ณตํ๋ ฅ์ฑ ์ฌ๊ณ ์ ๋ด์ฌ๋ ์ญ์ค์ ๋๋ฌ๋ธ๋ค. ์กฐ์ง์ ํ๋ณตํ๋ ฅ์ ์ผ๋ก ๋ง๋๋ ์ญ๋๋คโ๋ถ์ฐ๋ ๊ถํ, ์คํ์ ๋ฌธํ, ๋ชจํธ์ฑ์ ๋ํ ๋ด์ฑโ์ ์์ ์ ์ธ ์๊ธฐ์ ์ง๋ฐฐ์ ์ธ ํจ์จ์ฑ ์ค์ฌ์ ๊ฒฝ์ ๊ดํ๊ณผ ์ข
์ข
์์ถฉ๋๋ค. ๋ฐ๋ผ์ ํ๋ณตํ๋ ฅ์ฑ์ ๊ตฌ์ถํ๊ธฐ ์ํด์๋ ์ด๋ ์ ๋์ ์๋์ ๋นํจ์จ์ฑ์ด ํ์ํ๋ค. ์ฆ, ์ฌ์ ์์์ ์ ์งํ๊ณ , ๋ณ๋ ฌ ์คํ์ ์ํํ๋ฉฐ, ์ค๋ณต์ ์ธ ์ปค๋ฎค๋์ผ์ด์
์ฑ๋์ ๋ณด์กดํ๋ ๊ฒ์ด๋ค. ํธํฉ๊ธฐ์ ์ด๋ฌํ '๋นํจ์จ์ฑ'์ ์ ๊ฑฐํ ์กฐ์ง๋ค์ด์ผ๋ง๋ก ์๊ธฐ๊ฐ ๋ฅ์ณค์ ๋ ๊ฐ์ฅ ์ด๋ ค์์ ๊ฒช์ ์กฐ์ง๋ค์ด์๋ค.
์ด์ ๋ฐ๋ฅธ ์ค๋ฌด์ ํจ์๋ ์ ์ ์ ์ฐจ์์ด ์๋ ๊ตฌ์กฐ์ ์ฐจ์์ ์๋ค. ํ๋ณตํ๋ ฅ์ฑ์ ์๊ธฐ ๊ด๋ฆฌ ๊ณํ์ ๋ถ๊ฐ์ ์ผ๋ก ๋ง๋ถ์ด๋ ๋ฐฉ์์ผ๋ก๋ ํ๋ณด๋ ์ ์์ผ๋ฉฐ, ์กฐ์ง ์ค๊ณ์ ๋ด์ฌ๋์ด์ผ ํ๋ค. ์ฆ, ํ๊ฒฝ์ด ์๊ตฌํ ๋ ์กฐ์ง์ด ํ์ฉ(exploitation)์์ ํ์(exploration)์ผ๋ก ์ ์ํ๊ฒ ์ ํํ ์ ์๋๋ก ํ๋ ๊ฑฐ๋ฒ๋์ค ๊ตฌ์กฐ, ์ธ์ผํฐ๋ธ ์์คํ
, ์ ๋ณด ํ๋ฆ, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ ๋ฌธํ์ ๊ท๋ฒ ์์ ๊น์ด ๋
น์๋ค์ด์ผ ํ๋ค.
References (3)
[1] Cardoso, A., Figueiredo, J., Oliveira, I. & Pocinho, M. (2025). From Crisis to Opportunity: Digital Transformation, Digital Business Models, and Organizational Resilience in the Post-Pandemic Era. Administrative Sciences, 15(6), 193.
[2] Mei, J., Chen, K. & Sun, W. (2024). Adaptive Leadership in Crisis: Strategies for Managing Uncertainty and Enhancing Organizational Resilience. EPRA International Journal of Research and Development, 9, 18158.
[3] Rogozeanu Draghia, C.L., Popescu, D.M. & Braicu, C. (2025). Crisis Management in Organizations: Innovation and Resilience in a Post-Pandemic context. EAI Transactions, 15840409525.