Trend AnalysisManagement & BusinessMixed Methods
Digital Leadership in Hybrid Organizations: Can Leaders Build Wellbeing Through Screens?
Leading through screens requires different competencies than leading in person. New research introduces 'digital climate' as a measurable organizational factor that predicts employee wellbeingโand finds that digital readiness mediates the link between digital leadership and innovation in hybrid settings.
By Sean K.S. Shin
This blog summarizes research trends based on published paper abstracts. Specific numbers or findings may contain inaccuracies. For scholarly rigor, always consult the original papers cited in each post.
The shift to hybrid work has changed not only where employees work but how leadership functions. A manager who could once walk the floor, read body language in meetings, and have spontaneous hallway conversations now leads through video calls, chat messages, and shared documents. The leadership competencies that matter have shifted accordinglyโfrom charismatic physical presence to digital communication clarity, from direct observation to trust-based management, from team building through co-location to community building through intentional virtual interaction. But does "digital leadership" actually predict employee outcomes, or is it merely traditional leadership relabeled for the digital age?
The Research Landscape: Defining Digital Leadership
Darmawan, Kiswati & Warsino (2025) examine the relationship between digital leadership and employee wellbeing in Indonesian organizations that have adopted hybrid work models. Their study identifies three dimensions of digital leadership that distinguish it from conventional leadership:
Technology adoption facilitation: The leader's ability to support team members in adopting and effectively using digital toolsโgoing beyond providing access to include training, troubleshooting, and modeling productive technology use.
Virtual trust building: Establishing psychological safety and interpersonal trust without the physical cues (eye contact, proximity, shared meals) that traditionally facilitate trust formation.
Digital communication management: Setting norms for response times, channel selection (email vs. chat vs. video), and boundary expectations that prevent the always-on culture that drives digital burnout.Their survey data suggest that all three dimensions predict employee wellbeing, with virtual trust building showing the strongest associationโa finding consistent with broader leadership research emphasizing that trust is the foundational mechanism through which leadership affects follower outcomes.
Digital Climate: A New Organizational Construct
Avtalion, Aviv & Hadar (2025), with 5 citations, introduce a novel construct: digital climateโencompassing three dimensions: User Digital Experience, Digital Process Efficiency, and Organization's Digital Effectiveness. Publishing in IEEE Access, they develop and validate this construct through a qualitative study using Grounded Theory with semi-structured interviews of employees in digitally transforming organizations.
Key findings:
- Digital climate predicts employee wellbeing above and beyond traditional organizational climate measures, suggesting it captures something distinct rather than merely repackaging existing constructs.
- The three-dimensional structure of digital climateโcovering individual experience, process-level efficiency, and organizational-level digital supportโprovides a more granular diagnostic tool than single-item assessments of digital work quality.
- Digital climate partially mediates the relationship between organizational digital transformation efforts and employee outcomesโmeaning that the way an organization introduces digital change matters as much as what digital tools it deploys.
Kaur (2025) examines how digital leadership affects employee innovation in hybrid settings, with digital readiness as a mediating variable. Digital readiness encompasses employees' confidence with digital tools, their ability to learn new technologies, and their willingness to experiment with digital approaches to work tasks.
The mediation analysis reveals that digital leadership affects innovation primarily through enhancing digital readinessโleaders who model digital competence, provide learning opportunities, and create psychologically safe environments for digital experimentation produce teams that are more digitally confident and, through that confidence, more innovative.
Ibragimov & Kadagidze (2025) extend the analysis to affective organizational commitment, finding that leader-member exchange (LMX) quality and organizational citizenship behavior (OCB) both link to digital leadershipโbut that the mechanisms differ. LMX quality predicts commitment through relationship-building pathways, while OCB links to commitment through collective identity pathways. In digital transformation contexts, both pathways appear to operate, but the LMX pathway is more vulnerable to erosion by physical distance.
Critical Analysis: Claims and Evidence
<
| Claim | Evidence | Verdict |
|---|
| Digital leadership predicts employee wellbeing in hybrid settings | Darmawan et al.: survey-based regression | โ
Supported โ cross-sectional, single context |
| Digital climate is a distinct construct from general organizational climate | Avtalion et al.: grounded theory analysis | โ
Supported โ methodologically rigorous validation |
| Virtual trust building is the strongest digital leadership dimension | Darmawan et al.: comparative regression coefficients | โ ๏ธ Uncertain โ single study, needs replication |
| Digital readiness mediates leadership-innovation link | Kaur: mediation analysis | โ
Supported โ but cross-sectional design limits causal inference |
| Digital leadership is fundamentally different from traditional leadership | All four papers: conceptual argument | โ ๏ธ Uncertain โ may be an extension rather than a distinct construct |
The Construct Proliferation Risk
The digital leadership literature faces a risk common to management research: construct proliferationโcreating new constructs (digital leadership, digital climate, digital readiness) that overlap substantially with existing ones (transformational leadership, organizational climate, technology self-efficacy). If digital leadership is essentially transformational leadership applied to digital contexts, the relabeling adds terminology without adding insight.
Avtalion et al.'s validation work suggests that digital climate does capture unique variance, but the evidence for digital leadership as a distinct construct (rather than a contextual application of general leadership) is less convincing. The reviewed studies would benefit from explicitly testing discriminant validity against established leadership constructs.
Open Questions and Future Directions
Discriminant validity: Does digital leadership explain variance in employee outcomes beyond what transformational leadership, servant leadership, and LMX already explain?Training effectiveness: Can digital leadership competencies be taught? If so, what training modalities are most effective (simulations, coaching, peer learning)?Cultural moderation: Do power distance and uncertainty avoidance moderate the effectiveness of digital leadership behaviors across national contexts?AI augmentation: As AI tools increasingly mediate manager-employee interactions (automated performance feedback, chatbot HR support), how does the definition of digital leadership need to evolve?Longitudinal dynamics: How does digital leadership effectiveness change over time as hybrid work normalizes and employees develop higher baseline digital competence?Implications for Researchers and Practitioners
For organizational development professionals, the evidence supports investing in digital leadership developmentโparticularly in virtual trust building and communication norm setting. For senior leaders, the digital climate construct offers a measurable organizational indicator that can be tracked alongside traditional engagement surveys to assess digital transformation health.
For researchers, the most productive direction is rigorous construct validation: establishing whether digital leadership, digital climate, and digital readiness represent genuinely new phenomena or familiar dynamics in new packaging. The answer matters because it determines whether organizations need fundamentally new leadership models or updated versions of existing ones. The evidence to date suggests something in betweenโpartially new, partially familiarโwhich calls for careful theoretical integration rather than wholesale novelty claims.
๋ฉด์ฑ
์กฐํญ: ์ด ๊ฒ์๋ฌผ์ ์ ๋ณด ์ ๊ณต์ ๋ชฉ์ ์ผ๋ก ํ ์ฐ๊ตฌ ๋ํฅ ๊ฐ์์ด๋ค. ํ์ ์ฐ๊ตฌ์์ ์ธ์ฉํ๊ธฐ ์ ์ ๊ตฌ์ฒด์ ์ธ ์ฐ๊ตฌ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ, ํต๊ณ ๋ฐ ์ฃผ์ฅ์ ์๋ณธ ๋
ผ๋ฌธ์ ํตํด ๊ฒ์ฆํด์ผ ํ๋ค.
ํ์ด๋ธ๋ฆฌ๋ ์กฐ์ง์์์ ๋์งํธ ๋ฆฌ๋์ญ: ๋ฆฌ๋๋ ํ๋ฉด์ ํตํด ์ฐ๋น์ ๊ตฌ์ถํ ์ ์๋๊ฐ?
ํ์ด๋ธ๋ฆฌ๋ ๊ทผ๋ฌด๋ก์ ์ ํ์ ์ง์๋ค์ด ์ผํ๋ ์ฅ์๋ฟ๋ง ์๋๋ผ ๋ฆฌ๋์ญ์ด ๊ธฐ๋ฅํ๋ ๋ฐฉ์๋ ๋ณํ์์ผฐ๋ค. ํ๋ ํ์ฅ์ ์ง์ ๋์๋ค๋๋ฉฐ ํ์์์ ๋ฐ๋ ๋ญ๊ท์ง๋ฅผ ์ฝ๊ณ ๋ณต๋์์ ์ฆํฅ์ ์ธ ๋ํ๋ฅผ ๋๋ ์ ์์๋ ๊ด๋ฆฌ์๋ ์ด์ ํ์ ํตํ, ์ฑํ
๋ฉ์์ง, ๊ณต์ ๋ฌธ์๋ฅผ ํตํด ํ์ ์ด๋๋ค. ์ด์ ๋ฐ๋ผ ์ค์ํ ๋ฆฌ๋์ญ ์ญ๋๋ ๋ณํํ๋คโ์นด๋ฆฌ์ค๋ง ์๋ ๋ฌผ๋ฆฌ์ ์กด์ฌ๊ฐ์์ ๋์งํธ ์ปค๋ฎค๋์ผ์ด์
์ ๋ช
ํ์ฑ์ผ๋ก, ์ง์ ๊ด์ฐฐ์์ ์ ๋ขฐ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ ๊ด๋ฆฌ๋ก, ๊ฐ์ ๊ณต๊ฐ์์์ ํ ๋น๋ฉ์์ ์๋์ ์ธ ๊ฐ์ ์ํธ์์ฉ์ ํตํ ์ปค๋ฎค๋ํฐ ๊ตฌ์ถ์ผ๋ก ์ ํ๋์๋ค. ๊ทธ๋ฌ๋ "๋์งํธ ๋ฆฌ๋์ญ"์ ์ค์ ๋ก ์ง์ ์ฑ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ์์ธกํ๋๊ฐ, ์๋๋ฉด ๋จ์ํ ๋์งํธ ์๋์ ๋ง๊ฒ ์ฌ๋ช
๋ช
๋ ์ ํต์ ๋ฆฌ๋์ญ์ ๋ถ๊ณผํ๊ฐ?
์ฐ๊ตฌ ํํฉ: ๋์งํธ ๋ฆฌ๋์ญ์ ์ ์
Darmawan, Kiswati & Warsino (2025)๋ ํ์ด๋ธ๋ฆฌ๋ ๊ทผ๋ฌด ๋ชจ๋ธ์ ๋์
ํ ์ธ๋๋ค์์ ์กฐ์ง์์ ๋์งํธ ๋ฆฌ๋์ญ๊ณผ ์ง์ ์ฐ๋น ๊ฐ์ ๊ด๊ณ๋ฅผ ๋ถ์ํ๋ค. ์ด ์ฐ๊ตฌ๋ ๋์งํธ ๋ฆฌ๋์ญ์ ๊ธฐ์กด ๋ฆฌ๋์ญ๊ณผ ๊ตฌ๋ณํ๋ ์ธ ๊ฐ์ง ์ฐจ์์ ์ ์ํ๋ค.
๊ธฐ์ ๋์
์ด์ง: ํ์๋ค์ด ๋์งํธ ๋๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ๋์
ํ๊ณ ํจ๊ณผ์ ์ผ๋ก ํ์ฉํ๋๋ก ์ง์ํ๋ ๋ฆฌ๋์ ์ญ๋โ์ ๊ทผ์ฑ ์ ๊ณต์ ๋์ด ๊ต์ก, ๋ฌธ์ ํด๊ฒฐ, ์์ฐ์ ์ธ ๊ธฐ์ ํ์ฉ ๋ชจ๋ฒ ์ ์๋ฅผ ํฌํจํ๋ค.
๊ฐ์ ์ ๋ขฐ ๊ตฌ์ถ: ์ ํต์ ์ผ๋ก ์ ๋ขฐ ํ์ฑ์ ์ด์งํ๋ ๋ฌผ๋ฆฌ์ ๋จ์(๋ ๋ง์ถค, ๊ทผ์ ์ฑ, ํจ๊ปํ๋ ์์ฌ) ์์ด ์ฌ๋ฆฌ์ ์์ ๊ฐ๊ณผ ๋์ธ ์ ๋ขฐ๋ฅผ ํ๋ฆฝํ๋ ๊ฒ์ด๋ค.
๋์งํธ ์ปค๋ฎค๋์ผ์ด์
๊ด๋ฆฌ: ๋์งํธ ๋ฒ์์์ ์ ๋ฐํ๋ ํญ์ ์ฐ๊ฒฐ ๋ฌธํ๋ฅผ ๋ฐฉ์งํ๊ธฐ ์ํด ์๋ต ์๊ฐ, ์ฑ๋ ์ ํ(์ด๋ฉ์ผ vs. ์ฑํ
vs. ํ์), ๊ฒฝ๊ณ ๊ธฐ๋์น์ ๋ํ ๊ท๋ฒ์ ์ค์ ํ๋ ๊ฒ์ด๋ค.์ด๋ค์ ์ค๋ฌธ ๋ฐ์ดํฐ๋ ์ธ ๊ฐ์ง ์ฐจ์ ๋ชจ๋ ์ง์ ์ฐ๋น์ ์์ธกํ๋ฉฐ, ๊ฐ์ ์ ๋ขฐ ๊ตฌ์ถ์ด ๊ฐ์ฅ ๊ฐํ ์ฐ๊ด์ฑ์ ๋ณด์ธ๋ค๊ณ ์ ์ํ๋คโ์ด๋ ์ ๋ขฐ๊ฐ ๋ฆฌ๋์ญ์ด ๊ตฌ์ฑ์ ์ฑ๊ณผ์ ์ํฅ์ ๋ฏธ์น๋ ๊ทผ๋ณธ์ ์ธ ๋ฉ์ปค๋์ฆ์์ ๊ฐ์กฐํ๋ ๊ด๋ฒ์ํ ๋ฆฌ๋์ญ ์ฐ๊ตฌ์ ์ผ์นํ๋ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์ด๋ค.
๋์งํธ ๊ธฐํ: ์๋ก์ด ์กฐ์ง ๊ตฌ์ฑ ๊ฐ๋
5ํ ์ธ์ฉ๋ Avtalion, Aviv & Hadar (2025)๋ ๋์งํธ ๊ธฐํ(digital climate)๋ผ๋ ์๋ก์ด ๊ตฌ์ฑ ๊ฐ๋
์ ์๊ฐํ๋ฉฐ, ์ด๋ ์ฌ์ฉ์ ๋์งํธ ๊ฒฝํ(User Digital Experience), ๋์งํธ ํ๋ก์ธ์ค ํจ์จ์ฑ(Digital Process Efficiency), ์กฐ์ง์ ๋์งํธ ํจ๊ณผ์ฑ(Organization's Digital Effectiveness)์ ์ธ ๊ฐ์ง ์ฐจ์์ ํฌ๊ดํ๋ค. IEEE Access์ ๊ฒ์ฌ๋ ์ด ์ฐ๊ตฌ๋ ๋์งํธ ์ ํ ์ค์ธ ์กฐ์ง์ ์ง์๋ค์ ๋์์ผ๋ก ๋ฐ๊ตฌ์กฐํ ์ธํฐ๋ทฐ๋ฅผ ํ์ฉํ ๊ทผ๊ฑฐ ์ด๋ก (Grounded Theory) ์ง์ ์ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ํตํด ์ด ๊ตฌ์ฑ ๊ฐ๋
์ ๊ฐ๋ฐํ๊ณ ๊ฒ์ฆํ๋ค.
์ฃผ์ ์ฐ๊ตฌ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ:
- ๋์งํธ ๊ธฐํ๋ ๊ธฐ์กด์ ์กฐ์ง ๊ธฐํ ์ธก์ ์น๋ฅผ ๋์ด์ ์ง์ ์ฐ๋น์ ์์ธกํ๋ฉฐ, ์ด๋ ๋จ์ํ ๊ธฐ์กด ๊ตฌ์ฑ ๊ฐ๋
์ ์ฌํฌ์ฅํ๋ ๊ฒ์ด ์๋๋ผ ๊ตฌ๋ณ๋๋ ๋ฌด์ธ๊ฐ๋ฅผ ํฌ์ฐฉํ๊ณ ์์์ ์์ฌํ๋ค.
- ๊ฐ์ธ ๊ฒฝํ, ํ๋ก์ธ์ค ์์ค์ ํจ์จ์ฑ, ์กฐ์ง ์์ค์ ๋์งํธ ์ง์์ ๋ค๋ฃจ๋ ๋์งํธ ๊ธฐํ์ 3์ฐจ์ ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ ๋์งํธ ์
๋ฌด ํ์ง์ ๋ํ ๋จ์ผ ํญ๋ชฉ ํ๊ฐ๋ณด๋ค ๋ ์ธ๋ถํ๋ ์ง๋จ ๋๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ์ ๊ณตํ๋ค.
- ๋์งํธ ๊ธฐํ๋ ์กฐ์ง์ ๋์งํธ ์ ํ ๋
ธ๋ ฅ๊ณผ ์ง์ ์ฑ๊ณผ ๊ฐ์ ๊ด๊ณ๋ฅผ ๋ถ๋ถ์ ์ผ๋ก ๋งค๊ฐํ๋คโ์ด๋ ์กฐ์ง์ด ๋์งํธ ๋ณํ๋ฅผ ๋์
ํ๋ ๋ฐฉ์์ด ์ด๋ค ๋์งํธ ๋๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ๋ฐฐํฌํ๋์ง๋งํผ ์ค์ํ๋ค๋ ๊ฒ์ ์๋ฏธํ๋ค.
๋งค๊ฐ ๋ณ์๋ก์์ ๋์งํธ ์ค๋น๋
Kaur (2025)๋ ๋์งํธ ์ค๋น๋(digital readiness)๋ฅผ ๋งค๊ฐ ๋ณ์๋ก ํ์ฌ, ๋์งํธ ๋ฆฌ๋์ญ์ด ํ์ด๋ธ๋ฆฌ๋ ํ๊ฒฝ์์ ์ง์ ํ์ ์ ๋ฏธ์น๋ ์ํฅ์ ๋ถ์ํ๋ค. ๋์งํธ ์ค๋น๋๋ ๋์งํธ ๋๊ตฌ์ ๋ํ ์ง์์ ์์ ๊ฐ, ์๋ก์ด ๊ธฐ์ ์ ์ต๋ํ๋ ๋ฅ๋ ฅ, ์
๋ฌด ๊ณผ์ ์ ๋์งํธ ๋ฐฉ์์ ์คํํ๋ ค๋ ์์ง๋ฅผ ํฌ๊ดํ๋ค.
๋งค๊ฐ ๋ถ์ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ, ๋์งํธ ๋ฆฌ๋์ญ์ ์ฃผ๋ก ๋์งํธ ์ค๋น์ฑ(digital readiness)์ ํฅ์์ํค๋ ๊ฒฝ๋ก๋ฅผ ํตํด ํ์ ์ ์ํฅ์ ๋ฏธ์น๋ ๊ฒ์ผ๋ก ๋ํ๋ฌ๋ค. ์ฆ, ๋์งํธ ์ญ๋์ ์ง์ ์๋ฒ ๋ณด์ด๊ณ , ํ์ต ๊ธฐํ๋ฅผ ์ ๊ณตํ๋ฉฐ, ๋์งํธ ์คํ์ ์ฌ๋ฆฌ์ ์ผ๋ก ์์ ํ ํ๊ฒฝ์ ์กฐ์ฑํ๋ ๋ฆฌ๋๋ ๋์งํธ ์์ ๊ฐ์ด ๋์ ํ์ ์ก์ฑํ๊ณ , ๊ทธ๋ฌํ ์์ ๊ฐ์ ํตํด ๋ ๋์ ํ์ ์ฑ์ ์ด๋์ด๋ธ๋ค.
Ibragimov & Kadagidze(2025)๋ ๋ถ์์ ์ ์์ ์กฐ์ง ๋ชฐ์
(affective organizational commitment)์ผ๋ก ํ์ฅํ์ฌ, ๋ฆฌ๋-๊ตฌ์ฑ์ ๊ตํ๊ด๊ณ(LMX) ์ง๊ณผ ์กฐ์ง์๋ฏผํ๋(OCB) ๋ชจ๋ ๋์งํธ ๋ฆฌ๋์ญ๊ณผ ์ฐ๊ฒฐ๋จ์ ๋ฐํ๋ค. ๊ทธ๋ฌ๋ ๊ทธ ๋ฉ์ปค๋์ฆ์ ์์ดํ๋ค. LMX ์ง์ ๊ด๊ณ ํ์ฑ ๊ฒฝ๋ก๋ฅผ ํตํด ๋ชฐ์
์ ์์ธกํ๋ ๋ฐ๋ฉด, OCB๋ ์ง๋จ ์ ์ฒด์ฑ ๊ฒฝ๋ก๋ฅผ ํตํด ๋ชฐ์
๊ณผ ์ฐ๊ฒฐ๋๋ค. ๋์งํธ ์ ํ ๋งฅ๋ฝ์์๋ ๋ ๊ฒฝ๋ก ๋ชจ๋ ์๋ํ๋ ๊ฒ์ผ๋ก ๋ณด์ด๋, LMX ๊ฒฝ๋ก๋ ๋ฌผ๋ฆฌ์ ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ์ ์ํ ์ฝํ์ ๋ ์ทจ์ฝํ๋ค.
๋นํ์ ๋ถ์: ์ฃผ์ฅ๊ณผ ๊ทผ๊ฑฐ
<
| ์ฃผ์ฅ | ๊ทผ๊ฑฐ | ํ์ |
|---|
| ๋์งํธ ๋ฆฌ๋์ญ์ ํ์ด๋ธ๋ฆฌ๋ ํ๊ฒฝ์์ ์ง์ ์ฐ๋น์ ์์ธกํ๋ค | Darmawan et al.: ์ค๋ฌธ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ ํ๊ท๋ถ์ | โ
์ง์ง๋จ โ ํก๋จ ์ฐ๊ตฌ, ๋จ์ผ ๋งฅ๋ฝ |
| ๋์งํธ ์กฐ์งํํ ๋ ์ผ๋ฐ์ ์กฐ์งํํ ์ ๊ตฌ๋ณ๋๋ ๋
์์ ๊ตฌ์ฑ๊ฐ๋
์ด๋ค | Avtalion et al.: ๊ทผ๊ฑฐ์ด๋ก ๋ถ์ | โ
์ง์ง๋จ โ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ๋ก ์ ์ผ๋ก ์๊ฒฉํ ํ๋นํ |
| ๊ฐ์ ์ ๋ขฐ ํ์ฑ์ด ๊ฐ์ฅ ๊ฐ๋ ฅํ ๋์งํธ ๋ฆฌ๋์ญ ์ฐจ์์ด๋ค | Darmawan et al.: ํ๊ท๊ณ์ ๋น๊ต | โ ๏ธ ๋ถํ์ค โ ๋จ์ผ ์ฐ๊ตฌ, ๋ฐ๋ณต ๊ฒ์ฆ ํ์ |
| ๋์งํธ ์ค๋น์ฑ์ด ๋ฆฌ๋์ญ-ํ์ ์ฐ๊ณ๋ฅผ ๋งค๊ฐํ๋ค | Kaur: ๋งค๊ฐ ๋ถ์ | โ
์ง์ง๋จ โ ๋จ, ํก๋จ ์ค๊ณ๋ก ์ธํด ์ธ๊ณผ ์ถ๋ก ์ ํ๊ณ |
| ๋์งํธ ๋ฆฌ๋์ญ์ ์ ํต์ ๋ฆฌ๋์ญ๊ณผ ๋ณธ์ง์ ์ผ๋ก ๋ค๋ฅด๋ค | ๋ค ํธ ๋ชจ๋: ๊ฐ๋
์ ๋
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๋ฆฝ์ ๊ตฌ์ฑ๊ฐ๋
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๊ตฌ์ฑ๊ฐ๋
์ฆ์์ ์ํ
๋์งํธ ๋ฆฌ๋์ญ ๋ฌธํ์ ๊ฒฝ์ํ ์ฐ๊ตฌ์์ ํํ ๋ํ๋๋ ์ํ, ์ฆ ๊ตฌ์ฑ๊ฐ๋
์ฆ์(construct proliferation)์ ์ง๋ฉดํด ์๋ค. ์ด๋ ๊ธฐ์กด ๊ตฌ์ฑ๊ฐ๋
(๋ณํ์ ๋ฆฌ๋์ญ, ์กฐ์งํํ , ๊ธฐ์ ์๊ธฐํจ๋ฅ๊ฐ)๊ณผ ์ค์ง์ ์ผ๋ก ์ค๋ณต๋๋ ์๋ก์ด ๊ตฌ์ฑ๊ฐ๋
(๋์งํธ ๋ฆฌ๋์ญ, ๋์งํธ ์กฐ์งํํ , ๋์งํธ ์ค๋น์ฑ)์ ์ฐฝ์ถํ๋ ๋ฌธ์ ์ด๋ค. ๋์งํธ ๋ฆฌ๋์ญ์ด ๋ณธ์ง์ ์ผ๋ก ๋์งํธ ๋งฅ๋ฝ์ ์ ์ฉ๋ ๋ณํ์ ๋ฆฌ๋์ญ์ ๋ถ๊ณผํ๋ค๋ฉด, ๋ช
์นญ ๋ณ๊ฒฝ์ ํต์ฐฐ์ ์ถ๊ฐ ์์ด ์ฉ์ด๋ง ๋๋ฆฌ๋ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ์ด๋ํ๋ค.
Avtalion et al.์ ํ๋นํ ์ฐ๊ตฌ๋ ๋์งํธ ์กฐ์งํํ ๊ฐ ๊ณ ์ ํ ๋ถ์ฐ์ ํฌ์ฐฉํจ์ ์์ฌํ์ง๋ง, ๋์งํธ ๋ฆฌ๋์ญ์ด ์ผ๋ฐ์ ๋ฆฌ๋์ญ์ ๋งฅ๋ฝ์ ์ ์ฉ์ด ์๋ ๋
์์ ๊ตฌ์ฑ๊ฐ๋
์ด๋ผ๋ ๊ทผ๊ฑฐ๋ ๋ ์ค๋๋ ฅ ์๋ค. ๊ฒํ ๋ ์ฐ๊ตฌ๋ค์ ๊ธฐ์กด ๋ฆฌ๋์ญ ๊ตฌ์ฑ๊ฐ๋
์ ๋ํ ๋ณ๋ณ ํ๋น๋(discriminant validity)๋ฅผ ๋ช
์์ ์ผ๋ก ๊ฒ์ฆํจ์ผ๋ก์จ ์ด ๋ฌธ์ ๋ฅผ ๋ณด์ํ ํ์๊ฐ ์๋ค.
๋ฏธํด๊ฒฐ ๊ณผ์ ์ ํฅํ ์ฐ๊ตฌ ๋ฐฉํฅ
๋ณ๋ณ ํ๋น๋: ๋์งํธ ๋ฆฌ๋์ญ์ ๋ณํ์ ๋ฆฌ๋์ญ, ์๋ฒํธ ๋ฆฌ๋์ญ, LMX๊ฐ ์ด๋ฏธ ์ค๋ช
ํ๋ ๋ถ๋ถ์ ๋์ด์ ์ง์ ์ฑ๊ณผ ๋ณ์์์ ์ถ๊ฐ์ ์ธ ๋ถ์ฐ์ ์ค๋ช
ํ๋๊ฐ?๊ต์ก ํจ๊ณผ์ฑ: ๋์งํธ ๋ฆฌ๋์ญ ์ญ๋์ ๊ต์ก์ ํตํด ๊ฐ๋ฐ๋ ์ ์๋๊ฐ? ๊ทธ๋ ๋ค๋ฉด ์ด๋ค ๊ต์ก ๋ฐฉ์(์๋ฎฌ๋ ์ด์
, ์ฝ์นญ, ๋๋ฃ ํ์ต)์ด ๊ฐ์ฅ ํจ๊ณผ์ ์ธ๊ฐ?๋ฌธํ์ ์กฐ์ ํจ๊ณผ: ๊ถ๋ ฅ ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ(power distance)์ ๋ถํ์ค์ฑ ํํผ(uncertainty avoidance)๋ ๊ตญ๊ฐ ๊ฐ ๋งฅ๋ฝ์์ ๋์งํธ ๋ฆฌ๋์ญ ํ๋์ ํจ๊ณผ์ฑ์ ์กฐ์ ํ๋๊ฐ?AI ์ฆ๊ฐ: AI ๋๊ตฌ๊ฐ ๊ด๋ฆฌ์-์ง์ ์ํธ์์ฉ(์๋ํ๋ ์ฑ๊ณผ ํผ๋๋ฐฑ, ์ฑ๋ด HR ์ง์)์ ์ ์ ๋ ๋งค๊ฐํจ์ ๋ฐ๋ผ, ๋์งํธ ๋ฆฌ๋์ญ์ ์ ์๋ ์ด๋ป๊ฒ ์งํํด์ผ ํ๋๊ฐ?์ข
๋จ์ ์ญํ: ํ์ด๋ธ๋ฆฌ๋ ๊ทผ๋ฌด๊ฐ ์ผ์ํ๋๊ณ ์ง์๋ค์ ๊ธฐ๋ณธ ๋์งํธ ์ญ๋์ด ํฅ์๋จ์ ๋ฐ๋ผ, ๋์งํธ ๋ฆฌ๋์ญ์ ํจ๊ณผ์ฑ์ ์๊ฐ์ด ์ง๋จ์ ๋ฐ๋ผ ์ด๋ป๊ฒ ๋ณํํ๋๊ฐ?์ฐ๊ตฌ์ ๋ฐ ์ค๋ฌด์๋ฅผ ์ํ ์์ฌ์
์กฐ์ง ๊ฐ๋ฐ ์ ๋ฌธ๊ฐ์๊ฒ ์์ด, ์ด ๊ทผ๊ฑฐ๋ ๋์งํธ ๋ฆฌ๋์ญ ๊ฐ๋ฐโํนํ ๊ฐ์ ํ๊ฒฝ์์์ ์ ๋ขฐ ๊ตฌ์ถ๊ณผ ์ปค๋ฎค๋์ผ์ด์
๊ท๋ฒ ์ค์ โ์ ๋ํ ํฌ์๋ฅผ ์ง์งํ๋ค.
๊ณ ์ ๋ฆฌ๋์๊ฒ ์์ด, ๋์งํธ ๊ธฐํ(digital climate) ๊ตฌ์ฑ๊ฐ๋
์ ๋์งํธ ์ ํ์ ๊ฑด์ ์ฑ์ ํ๊ฐํ๊ธฐ ์ํด ๊ธฐ์กด์ ์ฐธ์ฌ๋ ์กฐ์ฌ์ ํจ๊ป ์ถ์ ํ ์ ์๋ ์ธก์ ๊ฐ๋ฅํ ์กฐ์ง ์งํ๋ฅผ ์ ๊ณตํ๋ค.
์ฐ๊ตฌ์์๊ฒ ์์ด, ๊ฐ์ฅ ์์ฐ์ ์ธ ๋ฐฉํฅ์ ์๊ฒฉํ ๊ตฌ์ฑ๊ฐ๋
ํ๋นํ์ด๋ค. ์ฆ, ๋์งํธ ๋ฆฌ๋์ญ, ๋์งํธ ๊ธฐํ, ๋์งํธ ์ค๋น๋(digital readiness)๊ฐ ์ง์ ์ผ๋ก ์๋ก์ด ํ์์ ๋ํ๋ด๋์ง, ์๋๋ฉด ์๋ก์ด ํฌ์ฅ์ ๋ด๊ธด ์ต์ํ ์ญํ์ธ์ง๋ฅผ ๊ท๋ช
ํ๋ ๊ฒ์ด๋ค. ์ด ์ง๋ฌธ์ ๋ํ ๋ต์ ์กฐ์ง์ด ๊ทผ๋ณธ์ ์ผ๋ก ์๋ก์ด ๋ฆฌ๋์ญ ๋ชจ๋ธ์ ํ์๋ก ํ๋์ง, ์๋๋ฉด ๊ธฐ์กด ๋ชจ๋ธ์ ์
๋ฐ์ดํธ๋ ๋ฒ์ ์ ํ์๋ก ํ๋์ง๋ฅผ ๊ฒฐ์ ํ๊ธฐ ๋๋ฌธ์ ์ค์ํ๋ค. ํ์ฌ๊น์ง์ ๊ทผ๊ฑฐ๋ ๊ทธ ์ค๊ฐ ์ด๋๊ฐ๋ฅผ ์์ฌํ๋คโ๋ถ๋ถ์ ์ผ๋ก๋ ์๋กญ๊ณ , ๋ถ๋ถ์ ์ผ๋ก๋ ์ต์ํโ์ด๋ ์ ๋ฉด์ ์ธ ์ฐธ์ ํจ ์ฃผ์ฅ๋ณด๋ค๋ ์ ์คํ ์ด๋ก ์ ํตํฉ์ ์๊ตฌํ๋ค.
References (4)
[1] Darmawan, R., Kiswati, S. & Warsino, W. (2025). The Future of Work: Digital Leadership and Employee Wellbeing in Hybrid Organizations. JUTITI, 5(3), 6459.
[2] Avtalion, Z., Aviv, I. & Hadar, I. (2025). The Impact of Digital Climate on Employee Wellbeing in the Digital Transformation Era. IEEE Access, 13, 3566211.
[3] Kaur, S. (2025). Digital Leadership in the Hybrid Work Era: Its Impact on Employee Innovation and the Mediating Role of Digital Readiness. Research Journal, av3nz12314.
[4] Ibragimov, I. & Kadagidze, L. (2025). Leadership and Its Correlation with Employee Affective Commitment: A Focus on LMX and OCB in Digital Transformation. International Journal of Business and Social Science, 16, p6.