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When Complexity Science Meets Sustainability: The Case for Transdisciplinary Integration
A new research paradigm proposes merging quantitative complexity science with transdisciplinary methods to tackle sustainability challenges that neither approach can address alone.
By Sean K.S. Shin
This blog summarizes research trends based on published paper abstracts. Specific numbers or findings may contain inaccuracies. For scholarly rigor, always consult the original papers cited in each post.
When Complexity Science Meets Sustainability: The Case for Transdisciplinary Integration
Sustainability refuses to behave like a textbook problem. Climate adaptation in coastal Bangladesh looks nothing like water governance in the Sahel, which in turn shares little surface resemblance with circular-economy transitions in Northern Europe. Yet researchers routinely reach for the same disciplinary toolkits β econometric models here, ethnographic fieldwork there β and then wonder why solutions stall at the boundary between lab and legislature.
A 2025 paper published in Humanities and Social Sciences Communications confronts this fragmentation head-on. De Jager et al. propose what they call Transdisciplinary Complexity Science for Sustainability (TCSS) β a research paradigm designed to bridge quantitative complexity science and transdisciplinary practice (de Jager et al., 2025). The argument is not that either tradition is broken, but that each is incomplete without the other.
The Research Landscape: Two Solitudes
Complexity science β the study of nonlinear dynamics, emergence, feedback loops, and adaptive systems β has produced powerful quantitative tools for modeling interconnected phenomena. Agent-based models, network analyses, and dynamical-systems approaches have reshaped fields from epidemiology to financial-risk assessment.
Transdisciplinary research, by contrast, emphasizes the integration of academic and non-academic knowledge to address real-world problems. It privileges context, stakeholder engagement, and the co-production of knowledge across disciplinary and societal boundaries.
Both traditions claim sustainability as core territory. Yet the authors observe that they have largely developed in parallel, with limited cross-pollination. Complexity scientists may model urban metabolism without consulting the communities whose livelihoods depend on the systems being modeled. Transdisciplinary teams may gather rich contextual knowledge but lack the formal tools to capture emergent system behavior. The result, the authors argue, is a gap between analytical power and practical relevance.
What the Paper Does
De Jager et al. conduct a systematic literature analysis to identify where and how complexity science and transdisciplinary approaches have already intersected β and where they have not. From this analysis, they derive a set of core practices for the proposed TCSS paradigm and outline a future research agenda (de Jager et al., 2025).
The central proposition is that sustainability challenges are inherently complex and context-dependent, a characterization that demands both the quantitative rigor of complexity science and the contextual sensitivity of transdisciplinary methods. Neither alone, the authors contend, is sufficient.
Critical Analysis
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| # | Claim | Source | Verdict |
|---|
| 1 | Sustainability challenges are complex and context-dependent, requiring integration of quantitative complexity science with transdisciplinary approaches | de Jager et al. (2025), abstract | The framing appears well-grounded in the systematic review; however, the abstract does not specify the size or scope of the literature corpus analyzed, making it difficult to assess comprehensiveness |
| 2 | The authors derive core practices for TCSS through systematic literature analysis | de Jager et al. (2025), abstract | The methodology is stated but the specific selection criteria, databases searched, and number of studies included are not detailed in the abstract |
| 3 | A future research agenda is presented for the TCSS paradigm | de Jager et al. (2025), abstract | Agenda-setting is claimed; the degree to which it offers actionable guidance versus aspirational direction remains to be assessed from the full text |
The ambition here is considerable. Paradigm proposals in sustainability science are not rare β scholars have previously called for post-normal science, Mode 2 knowledge production, and various forms of integrated assessment. What distinguishes TCSS, at least in principle, is its explicit anchoring in complexity science's formal apparatus. The question is whether the integration the authors envision can move beyond programmatic statements to operational protocols that research teams can actually adopt.
One tension deserves scrutiny. Complexity science, in its quantitative incarnations, tends toward abstraction and generalization β building models that capture universal features of complex systems. Transdisciplinary research, by definition, resists such universalism, insisting on the primacy of local context. How TCSS navigates this tension may determine whether it becomes a productive synthesis or remains a conceptual aspiration.
Open Questions
Operationalization: What does a TCSS research project actually look like in practice? The abstract indicates core practices have been derived, but the critical test will be whether interdisciplinary teams can implement them without extensive methodological training in both traditions.Scalability versus context-dependence: If sustainability problems are inherently context-dependent, as the authors argue, can a single paradigm accommodate the diversity of contexts β from smallholder agriculture to smart-city planning β without becoming so general as to lose its analytical bite?Institutional barriers: Paradigm integration requires not just intellectual synthesis but institutional support β funding structures, publication venues, tenure criteria. How does TCSS address the well-documented structural disincentives for genuinely transdisciplinary work?Validation criteria: By what standards should TCSS-informed research be evaluated? The metrics appropriate for complexity-science modeling (predictive accuracy, robustness) may differ substantially from those appropriate for transdisciplinary engagement (stakeholder satisfaction, policy uptake).Power dynamics: Transdisciplinary research foregrounds questions of who participates and whose knowledge counts. Complexity-science models, however sophisticated, encode assumptions about system boundaries and variable selection. How does TCSS ensure that quantitative modeling does not inadvertently marginalize the contextual knowledge it claims to integrate?
Closing Reflection
The proposal for Transdisciplinary Complexity Science for Sustainability arrives at a moment when the inadequacy of siloed approaches to planetary challenges is increasingly difficult to deny. De Jager et al. may be right that the convergence of complexity science and transdisciplinary practice represents a productive frontier. But paradigm proposals are easy; paradigm proposals are hard. The distance between a well-argued paper and a transformed research culture is measured not in citations but in changed practices β in labs that hire differently, in funders that evaluate differently, and in communities that experience research differently.
The value of this contribution may ultimately lie less in the specific framework it proposes than in the question it forces: if we already know that sustainability problems are complex and context-dependent, why do our research institutions still reward narrow disciplinary excellence over integrative problem-solving?
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Όλ¬Έμ μ΄λ¬ν λ¨μ μ μ λ©΄μΌλ‘ λ§μ λ€. De Jager et al.μ μ΄λ₯Έλ° μ΄νμ μ 볡μ‘κ³ μ§μκ°λ₯μ± κ³Όν(Transdisciplinary Complexity Science for Sustainability, TCSS)μ μ μνλλ°, μ΄λ μ λμ 볡μ‘κ³ κ³Όνκ³Ό μ΄νμ μ μ€μ²μ μ°κ²°νλλ‘ μ€κ³λ μ°κ΅¬ ν¨λ¬λ€μμ΄λ€(de Jager et al., 2025). μ΄ μ£Όμ₯μ λ μ ν΅ μ€ μ΄λ νλκ° κ²°ν¨μ΄ μλ€λ κ²μ΄ μλλΌ, μλ‘ μμ΄λ κ°κ°μ΄ λΆμμ νλ€λ κ²μ΄λ€.
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De Jager et al.μ 볡μ‘κ³ κ³Όνκ³Ό μ΄νμ μ μ κ·Όλ²μ΄ μ΄λ―Έ κ΅μ°¨ν μ§μ κ³Ό λ°©μ β κ·Έλ¦¬κ³ κ΅μ°¨νμ§ μμ μ§μ β μ νμ
νκΈ° μν΄ μ²΄κ³μ λ¬Έν λΆμμ μννλ€. μ΄ λΆμμ λ°νμΌλ‘ μ μλ TCSS ν¨λ¬λ€μμ ν΅μ¬ μ€μ² λ°©μλ€μ λμΆνκ³ ν₯ν μ°κ΅¬ μμ λ₯Ό μ μνλ€(de Jager et al., 2025).
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| # | μ£Όμ₯ | μΆμ² | νκ° |
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| 1 | μ§μκ°λ₯μ± κ³Όμ λ 볡μ‘νκ³ λ§₯λ½ μμ‘΄μ μ΄λ―λ‘, μ λμ 볡μ‘κ³ κ³Όνκ³Ό μ΄νμ μ μ κ·Όλ²μ ν΅ν©μ΄ νμνλ€ | de Jager et al. (2025), μ΄λ‘ | μ΄ λ
Όμ νμ 체κ³μ κ³ μ°°μμ μΆ©λΆν κ·Όκ±° μλ κ²μΌλ‘ 보μ΄λ, μ΄λ‘μμ λΆμλ λ¬Έν μ½νΌμ€μ κ·λͺ¨λ λ²μλ₯Ό λͺ
μνμ§ μμ ν¬κ΄μ±μ νκ°νκΈ° μ΄λ ΅λ€ |
| 2 | μ μλ€μ 체κ³μ λ¬Έν λΆμμ ν΅ν΄ TCSSμ ν΅μ¬ μ€μ² λ°©μμ λμΆνλ€ | de Jager et al. (2025), μ΄λ‘ | λ°©λ²λ‘ μ΄ μμ λμ΄ μμΌλ, μ΄λ‘μμλ ꡬ체μ μΈ μ μ κΈ°μ€, κ²μλ λ°μ΄ν°λ² μ΄μ€, ν¬ν¨λ μ°κ΅¬ μκ° μμΈν κΈ°μ λμ΄ μμ§ μλ€ |
| 3 | TCSS ν¨λ¬λ€μμ μν λ―Έλ μ°κ΅¬ μμ κ° μ μλλ€ | de Jager et al. (2025), abstract | μμ μ€μ μ΄ μ£Όμ₯λλ, μ€ν κ°λ₯ν μ§μΉ¨μ μ 곡νλ μ λ λ μ΄λ§μ λ°©ν₯μ±μ μ λλ μ λ¬Έ(full text)μ ν΅ν΄ νκ°λμ΄μΌ νλ€ |
μ¬κΈ°μμ ν¬λΆλ μλΉνλ€. μ§μκ°λ₯μ± κ³Όνμμ ν¨λ¬λ€μ μ μμ΄ λλ¬Έ μΌμ μλλ€ β νμλ€μ μ΄μ μλ νμ μ κ³Όν(post-normal science), Mode 2 μ§μ μμ°, κ·Έλ¦¬κ³ λ€μν ννμ ν΅ν© νκ°(integrated assessment)λ₯Ό μμ²ν΄μλ€. TCSSλ₯Ό μ μ΄λ μμΉμ μΌλ‘ κ΅¬λ³ μ§λ κ²μ, 볡μ‘μ± κ³Όνμ νμμ μ₯μΉ(formal apparatus)μ λͺ
μμ μΌλ‘ λ»μ λ΄λ¦¬κ³ μλ€λ μ μ΄λ€. λ¬Έμ λ μ μλ€μ΄ ꡬμνλ ν΅ν©μ΄ νλ‘κ·Έλ¨μ μ μΈμ λμ΄, μ°κ΅¬νμ΄ μ€μ λ‘ μ±νν μ μλ μ΄μ νλ‘ν μ½(operational protocols)λ‘ λμκ° μ μλκ° νλ κ²μ΄λ€.
ν κ°μ§ κΈ΄μ₯ κ΄κ³λ λ©΄λ°ν κ²ν λ₯Ό νμλ‘ νλ€. 볡μ‘μ± κ³Όνμ κ³λμ ννλ₯Ό λ¨ λ μΆμνμ μΌλ°νλ₯Ό μ§ν₯νλ κ²½ν₯μ΄ μλ€ β 볡μ‘κ³μ 보νΈμ νΉμ±μ ν¬μ°©νλ λͺ¨λΈμ ꡬμΆνλ λ°©ν₯μΌλ‘. μ΄νμ μ μ°κ΅¬λ μ μμ κ·Έλ¬ν 보νΈμ£Όμμ μ ννλ©°, μ§μ λ§₯λ½μ μ°μ μ±μ μ£Όμ₯νλ€. TCSSκ° μ΄ κΈ΄μ₯ κ΄κ³λ₯Ό μ΄λ»κ² ν€μ³λκ°λλμ λ°λΌ, κ·Έκ²μ΄ μμ°μ μΈ μ’
ν©μ΄ λ μ§ μλλ©΄ κ°λ
μ μ΄λ§μΌλ‘ λ¨μμ§κ° κ²°μ λ κ²μ΄λ€.
μ΄λ¦° μ§λ¬Έλ€
μ‘°μν(Operationalization): TCSS μ°κ΅¬ νλ‘μ νΈλ μ€μ λ‘ μ΄λ€ λͺ¨μ΅μΈκ°? abstractμ λ°λ₯΄λ©΄ ν΅μ¬ μ€μ²λ€μ΄ λμΆλμλ€κ³ νλ, κ²°μ μ μΈ μνμ νμ κ° νμ΄ λ μ ν΅ λͺ¨λμ κ±ΈμΉ κ΄λ²μν λ°©λ²λ‘ μ νλ ¨ μμ΄λ μ΄λ₯Ό μ€νν μ μλκ° νλ μ μ΄λ€.νμ₯μ± λ λ§₯λ½ μμ‘΄μ±: μ μλ€μ΄ μ£Όμ₯νλ― μ§μκ°λ₯μ± λ¬Έμ κ° λ³Έμ§μ μΌλ‘ λ§₯λ½ μμ‘΄μ μ΄λΌλ©΄, λ¨μΌ ν¨λ¬λ€μμ΄ β μλμ
(smallholder agriculture)μμ μ€λ§νΈμν° κ³νμ μ΄λ₯΄κΈ°κΉμ§ β λ§₯λ½μ λ€μμ±μ μμ©νλ©΄μλ λΆμμ μ리ν¨μ μμ§ μμ μ μλκ°?μ λμ μ₯λ²½: ν¨λ¬λ€μ ν΅ν©μ μ§μ μ’
ν©λ§μ΄ μλλΌ μ λμ μ§μ β μ°κ΅¬λΉ ꡬ쑰, μΆν μ§λ©΄, μ¬μ§ μ¬μ¬ κΈ°μ€ β μ νμλ‘ νλ€. TCSSλ μ§μ ν μ΄νμ μ μ°κ΅¬μ λν ꡬ쑰μ μ μΈ κ²°μ¬(structural disincentives)λΌλ μ κΈ°λ‘λ λ¬Έμ λ₯Ό μ΄λ»κ² λ€λ£¨λκ°?κ²μ¦ κΈ°μ€: TCSSμ κΈ°λ°ν μ°κ΅¬λ μ΄λ€ κΈ°μ€μΌλ‘ νκ°λμ΄μΌ νλκ°? 볡μ‘μ± κ³Όν λͺ¨λΈλ§μ μ ν©ν μ§ν(μμΈ‘ μ νλ, κ°κ±΄μ±)λ μ΄νμ μ μ°Έμ¬μ μ ν©ν μ§ν(μ΄ν΄κ΄κ³μ λ§μ‘±λ, μ μ±
μμ©)μ μ€μ§μ μΌλ‘ λ€λ₯Ό μ μλ€.κΆλ ₯ μν: μ΄νμ μ μ°κ΅¬λ λκ° μ°Έμ¬νλ©° λꡬμ μ§μμ΄ μΈμ λ°λκ°λΌλ λ¬Έμ λ₯Ό μ λ©΄μ λ΄μΈμ΄λ€. 볡μ‘μ± κ³Όν λͺ¨λΈμ μ무리 μ κ΅νλλΌλ μμ€ν
κ²½κ³μ λ³μ μ νμ κ΄ν κ°μ μ λ΄μ¬ννλ€. TCSSλ κ³λμ λͺ¨λΈλ§μ΄ ν΅ν©νκ³ μ νλ λ§₯λ½μ μ§μμ μλμΉ μκ² μ£Όλ³ννμ§ μλλ‘ μ΄λ»κ² 보μ₯νλκ°?
λ§Ίμ μ±μ°°
μ§μκ°λ₯μ±μ μν μ΄νμ μ 볡μ‘μ± κ³Όν(Transdisciplinary Complexity Science for Sustainability)μ μ μμ, νμ±μ κ³Όμ λ€μ λν κ³ λ¦½λ μ κ·Ό λ°©μμ λΆμ μ ν¨μ λΆμ νκΈ° μ μ λ μ΄λ €μμ§λ μμ μ λ±μ₯νλ€. De Jager et al.μ 볡μ‘μ± κ³Όνκ³Ό μ΄νμ μ μ€μ²μ μλ ΄μ΄ μμ°μ μΈ νλ‘ ν°μ΄λ₯Ό λννλ€λ μ μμ μ³μ μλ μλ€. κ·Έλ¬λ ν¨λ¬λ€μμ μ μνλ κ²μ μ½κ³ , ν¨λ¬λ€μμ μ€ννλ κ²μ μ΄λ ΅λ€. μ λ
Όμ¦λ λ
Όλ¬Έκ³Ό λ³νλ μ°κ΅¬ λ¬Έν μ¬μ΄μ 거리λ μΈμ© νμκ° μλλΌ λ³νλ μ€μ²μΌλ‘ μΈ‘μ λλ€ β λ€λ₯΄κ² μ±μ©νλ μ€νμ€μμ, λ€λ₯΄κ² νκ°νλ μ°κ΅¬ μ§μ κΈ°κ΄μμ, κ·Έλ¦¬κ³ μ°κ΅¬λ₯Ό λ€λ₯΄κ² κ²½ννλ 곡λ체μμ.
μ΄ κΈ°μ¬μ κ°μΉλ κΆκ·Ήμ μΌλ‘ μ μλ νΉμ νλ μμν¬ μ체μ μλ€κΈ°λ³΄λ€, κ·Έκ²μ΄ κ°μ νλ μ§λ¬Έμ μμμ§λ λͺ¨λ₯Έλ€: λ§μ½ μ°λ¦¬κ° μ§μκ°λ₯μ± λ¬Έμ κ° λ³΅μ‘νκ³ λ§₯λ½ μμ‘΄μ μμ μ΄λ―Έ μκ³ μλ€λ©΄, μ μ°λ¦¬μ μ°κ΅¬ κΈ°κ΄λ€μ μ¬μ ν ν΅ν©μ λ¬Έμ ν΄κ²°λ³΄λ€ μ’μ νλ¬Έμ νμμ±μ 보μμ μ£Όλκ°?
References (1)
de Jager, L. A. et al. (2025). Transdisciplinary Complexity Science for Sustainability. Humanities and Social Sciences Communications, 12, Article 1384.