Arts & Design

Urban Agriculture in Compact Cities: A Participatory Framework for Governance

Urban agriculture is gaining traction as a strategy for food security, community resilience, and sustainable land use. But cities lack structured methods for comparing different urban agriculture models and governing them equitably. Recent participatory frameworks address this gap.

By Sean K.S. Shin
This blog summarizes research trends based on published paper abstracts. Specific numbers or findings may contain inaccuracies. For scholarly rigor, always consult the original papers cited in each post.

Urban agricultureโ€”from rooftop gardens and community allotments to vertical farms and peri-urban food productionโ€”is increasingly invoked in discussions of sustainable urban development. The claims are appealing: locally grown food reduces transportation emissions, green spaces improve urban microclimate and mental health, community gardens build social cohesion, and urban farms can address food desert problems. But cities face practical questions: which forms of urban agriculture deliver the most value? How should limited urban land be allocated between agriculture and other uses? And who gets to decide?

The Research Landscape

Participatory AHP Framework

Siano and Vergura (2025) present a structured method for comparing urban agriculture models using the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP)โ€”a decision-making framework that allows stakeholders to evaluate alternatives across multiple, potentially conflicting criteria. The framework evaluates urban agriculture models across three dimensions:

  • Ecological: Carbon sequestration, biodiversity support, stormwater management, soil health.
  • Social: Community engagement, food access for underserved populations, educational value, cultural significance.
  • Economic: Production value, job creation, land use efficiency, infrastructure costs.
The participatory element means that the weights assigned to each dimension are determined by stakeholders (residents, farmers, planners, businesses) rather than by experts alone. This is important because different stakeholders value different outcomes: a community garden that scores low on economic productivity may score high on social cohesionโ€”and which matters more is a governance question, not a technical one.

The JUST GROW Framework

Baur and Aliu (2025) propose a conceptual framework specifically focused on equity and sustainability in urban agriculture governance. The JUST GROW framework identifies several governance challenges:

  • Land access: Urban land suitable for agriculture is often in high-demand areas where development pressure is intense. Who gets accessโ€”commercial urban farms, community gardens, or real estate developers?
  • Labor conditions: Urban farming can provide meaningful employment, but it can also exploit low-wage labor. Governance must address working conditions, not just production.
  • Knowledge equity: Technical knowledge about urban farming is unevenly distributed. Frameworks that require specialized agronomic knowledge may exclude marginalized communities.
  • Market access: Small urban farms often struggle to access retail and institutional markets dominated by large-scale agriculture.

Social Empowerment Through Farming

Maulana and Amali (2024), with 2 citations, document the transformation of urban farming in Sukun Village, Malang City, Indonesia, from subsistence activity to a commercially viable enterprise that simultaneously improves food security and builds social empowerment. The case study shows that urban farming can function as a platform for community organizingโ€”bringing residents together, building collective skills, and creating economic opportunitiesโ€”particularly in low-income communities.

Urban Agriculture as Commons

Sonnino and Zollet (2025) examine a legal innovation: Rome's 2024 regulation framing urban agriculture as a "common good" within the broader Regulation for Shared Governance of Urban Commons. This legal framing shifts urban agriculture from a private activity (individuals farming on individual plots) to a collective activity governed by participatory processes.

The commons framing has practical implications: it enables collective management of shared resources (water, tools, infrastructure), distributes the costs and benefits of urban farming across the community, and provides a legal basis for long-term land access that individual plot arrangements cannot guarantee.

Critical Analysis: Claims and Evidence

<
ClaimEvidenceVerdict
AHP provides a structured method for comparing urban agriculture modelsSiano et al.'s framework demonstrationโœ… Supported โ€” methodologically sound
Equity concerns are systematically underaddressed in urban agriculture governanceBaur et al.'s JUST GROW analysisโœ… Supported
Urban farming can drive social empowerment in low-income communitiesMaulana et al.'s Malang case studyโœ… Supported โ€” with context-specific limitations
Commons framing provides more durable land access for urban agricultureSonnino & Zollet's Rome legal analysisโš ๏ธ Uncertain โ€” recently enacted; long-term outcomes unknown

What This Means for Your Research

For urban planners, the AHP framework provides a replicable methodology for site-specific evaluation of urban agriculture proposals. For food policy researchers, the equity dimensions identified by the JUST GROW framework should inform any assessment of urban agriculture's contribution to food security.

Explore related work through ORAA ResearchBrain.

References (4)

[1] Siano, P., Shahrour, I., & Vergura, S. (2025). A Participatory Analytic Hierarchy Framework for Evaluating Urban Agriculture in Compact Cities: Implications for Sustainable Urban Development and Smart-City Governance. Journal of Urban Design and Smart City.
[2] Baur, P., Jennings, R., & Aliu, S. (2025). The JUST GROW framework: conceptualizing how city regions can govern urban agriculture for equity and sustainability. Frontiers in Sustainable Food Systems.
[3] Maulana, I.N.H., Dinata, C., & Amali, A.C. (2024). Subsistence to commercial: urban farming transformation builds food security and social empowerment.
[4] Sonnino, M. & Zollet, S. (2025). A Switch to Commons: The Evolution of the Regulation of Urban Agriculture in Rome, Italy. Urban Planning.

Explore this topic deeper

Search 290M+ papers, detect research gaps, and find what hasn't been studied yet.

Click to remove unwanted keywords

Search 7 keywords โ†’