Trend AnalysisArts & Design
Sound Art and Acoustic Ecology Research: Listening as Artistic and Scientific Practice
Sound art and acoustic ecology are converging as artists and scientists recognize that listening is both an aesthetic and an ecological act. From the legacy of R. Murray Schafer to bioacoustic mapping of endangered soundscapes, the field is experiencing a renaissance.
By Sean K.S. Shin
This blog summarizes research trends based on published paper abstracts. Specific numbers or findings may contain inaccuracies. For scholarly rigor, always consult the original papers cited in each post.
Why It Matters
We live in an overwhelmingly visual culture. Art history, museum culture, and aesthetic theory have been dominated by the visual for centuries. But a growing body of research and artistic practice argues that sound deserves equal attentionโnot just as music, but as a fundamental dimension of environmental experience, cultural memory, and artistic expression. Sound art (art that uses sound as its primary medium) and acoustic ecology (the study of the relationship between living beings and their sonic environment) are converging into a field that treats listening as both an aesthetic and a scientific practice.
This convergence matters for several reasons. Acoustic environments are changing rapidly due to urbanization, industrialization, and climate changeโspecies are going silent, noise pollution is affecting human health, and sonic heritage is disappearing with the communities that produced it. Sound art offers ways to make these changes audible, while acoustic ecology provides frameworks for understanding what is being lost. Together, they create a practice that is simultaneously artistic, scientific, and activist.
The Science / The Practice
Soundscape as Artistic Medium
Rizal (2025) makes a strong theoretical argument for the soundscape as a sophisticated artistic medium, not merely an acoustic backdrop. The paper examines the inherent spatiality of soundโhow sound creates, defines, and transforms the experience of spaceโand its capacity to shape, store, and evoke memory. This is a significant claim: while visual art is experienced in space, sound art is experienced as space. The paper draws on phenomenology and contemporary sound art practice to argue that soundscape composition represents a form of art-making that is fundamentally different from visual or textual media, requiring its own critical vocabulary and evaluation criteria.
The Sound Turn in Cultural Studies
Orlov-Davydovsky (2025) provides historical and theoretical context by examining the "sound turn" in cultural studiesโa paradigm shift analogous to the linguistic turn or the visual turn. The paper traces the prerequisites for this shift, identifies its main methodological approaches (including acoustic ecology, sound studies, and sonic anthropology), and positions it within the broader history of cultural turns. The analysis suggests that the sound turn is not merely an academic fashion but reflects a genuine reorientation in how scholars understand culture: as something heard and felt, not only seen and read.
R. Murray Schafer's Legacy Reexamined
Haffke (2025), with 1 citation, critically reexamines the foundational work of R. Murray Schafer and the World Soundscape Project (WSP) from the 1970s. Schafer coined the term "acoustic ecology" and established the field's core concepts: soundscape, keynote sound, sound signal, and soundmark. Haffke's analysis focuses on three conceptsโcontainment, feedback, and contingencyโthat reveal how Schafer's project was shaped by the spatial and technological conditions of its time. This reassessment is important because Schafer's framework, while foundational, was developed before digital recording, computational analysis, and climate change awareness reshaped how we understand sonic environments.
Bioacoustic Field Recording and Digital Archiving
Harmon and Abdul Wahid (2024) present a practical case study: the mapping and digitizing of Sarawak's bioacoustic soundscape at Bako National Park for soundscape composition. The project records the acoustic biodiversity of a specific ecosystemโinsect, bird, primate, and environmental soundsโand creates a digital archive that serves both scientific documentation and artistic practice. The resulting soundscape compositions are simultaneously data (acoustic records of an ecosystem) and art (composed works that communicate the experience of a place). This dual function exemplifies the sound art / acoustic ecology convergence.
Sound Art and Acoustic Ecology: Key Concepts
<
| Concept | Origin | Definition | Contemporary Application |
|---|
| Soundscape | Schafer, 1970s | The acoustic environment as perceived | Smart city noise mapping, AI analysis |
| Keynote sound | Schafer, 1970s | Background sound characteristic of a place | Climate change acoustic monitoring |
| Sound turn | Cultural studies, 2010s | Paradigm shift toward sonic analysis | Interdisciplinary sound research |
| Bioacoustic mapping | Ecology | Recording and mapping biological sound | Biodiversity monitoring, sound art |
| Soundscape composition | Sound art | Art created from environmental recordings | Environmental advocacy, heritage preservation |
What To Watch
The integration of AI-powered bioacoustic analysis with sound art practice will create new possibilities: real-time soundscape sonification that translates ecological data into aesthetic experience, and predictive soundscape modeling that lets us "hear" how environments will sound under different climate scenarios. Watch for the development of global soundscape monitoring networks (building on projects like the Acoustic Observatory and Rainforest Connection) and for sound art's growing presence in climate activism and environmental policy advocacyโwhere making ecological change audible can be more powerful than making it visible.
Explore related work through ORAA ResearchBrain.
์ ์ค์ํ๊ฐ
์ฐ๋ฆฌ๋ ์๋์ ์ผ๋ก ์๊ฐ ์ค์ฌ์ ์ธ ๋ฌธํ ์์ ์ด๊ณ ์๋ค. ๋ฏธ์ ์ฌ, ๋ฐ๋ฌผ๊ด ๋ฌธํ, ๋ฏธํ ์ด๋ก ์ ์์ธ๊ธฐ ๋์ ์๊ฐ์ ์ํด ์ง๋ฐฐ๋์ด ์๋ค. ๊ทธ๋ฌ๋ ์ ์ ๋ ๋ง์ ์ฐ๊ตฌ์ ์์ ์ ์ค์ฒ์ด ์๋ฆฌ๋ ๋๋ฑํ ์ฃผ๋ชฉ์ ๋ฐ์์ผ ํ๋ค๊ณ ์ฃผ์ฅํ๊ณ ์๋คโ๋จ์ํ ์์
์ผ๋ก์๊ฐ ์๋๋ผ, ํ๊ฒฝ ๊ฒฝํ๊ณผ ๋ฌธํ์ ๊ธฐ์ต, ์์ ์ ํํ์ ๊ทผ๋ณธ์ ์ธ ์ฐจ์์ผ๋ก์ ๋ง์ด๋ค. ์๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์ฃผ์ ๋งค์ฒด๋ก ์ฌ์ฉํ๋ ์์ ์ธ ์ฌ์ด๋ ์ํธ์, ์๋ช
์ฒด์ ๊ทธ ์ํฅ ํ๊ฒฝ ๊ฐ์ ๊ด๊ณ๋ฅผ ์ฐ๊ตฌํ๋ ์ํฅ ์ํํ์ ๋ฃ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋ฏธ์ ์ค์ฒ์ธ ๋์์ ๊ณผํ์ ์ค์ฒ์ผ๋ก ๋ค๋ฃจ๋ ๋ถ์ผ๋ก ์๋ ดํ๊ณ ์๋ค.
์ด๋ฌํ ์๋ ด์ ๋ช ๊ฐ์ง ์ด์ ์์ ์ค์ํ๋ค. ๋์ํ, ์ฐ์
ํ, ๊ธฐํ๋ณํ๋ก ์ธํด ์ํฅ ํ๊ฒฝ์ด ๋น ๋ฅด๊ฒ ๋ณํํ๊ณ ์๋คโ์ข
(็จฎ)๋ค์ด ์นจ๋ฌตํ๊ณ ์์ผ๋ฉฐ, ์์ ๊ณตํด๋ ์ธ๊ฐ ๊ฑด๊ฐ์ ์ํฅ์ ๋ฏธ์น๊ณ , ์ํฅ ์ ์ฐ์ ๊ทธ๊ฒ์ ๋ง๋ค์ด ๋ธ ๊ณต๋์ฒด์ ํจ๊ป ์ฌ๋ผ์ง๊ณ ์๋ค. ์ฌ์ด๋ ์ํธ๋ ์ด๋ฌํ ๋ณํ๋ฅผ ์ฒญ๊ฐ์ ์ผ๋ก ๋๋ฌ๋ด๋ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ์ ์ ๊ณตํ๊ณ , ์ํฅ ์ํํ์ ๋ฌด์์ด ์ฌ๋ผ์ง๊ณ ์๋์ง๋ฅผ ์ดํดํ๋ ํ์ ์ ์ํ๋ค. ์ด ๋์ ํจ๊ป ์์ ์ ์ด๊ณ ๊ณผํ์ ์ด๋ฉฐ ๋์์ ํ๋์ฃผ์์ ์ธ ์ค์ฒ์ ๋ง๋ค์ด ๋ธ๋ค.
๊ณผํ๊ณผ ์ค์ฒ
์์ ์ ๋งค์ฒด๋ก์์ ์ฌ์ด๋์ค์ผ์ดํ
Rizal (2025)์ ์ฌ์ด๋์ค์ผ์ดํ๊ฐ ๋จ์ํ ์ํฅ์ ๋ฐฐ๊ฒฝ์ด ์๋ ์ ๊ตํ ์์ ์ ๋งค์ฒด๋ผ๋ ๊ฐ๋ ฅํ ์ด๋ก ์ ์ฃผ์ฅ์ ์ ๊ฐํ๋ค. ์ด ๋
ผ๋ฌธ์ ์๋ฆฌ์ ๋ด์ฌ์ ๊ณต๊ฐ์ฑโ์๋ฆฌ๊ฐ ๊ณต๊ฐ ๊ฒฝํ์ ์ฐฝ์ถํ๊ณ ๊ท์ ํ๋ฉฐ ๋ณํํ๋ ๋ฐฉ์โ๊ณผ ๊ธฐ์ต์ ํ์ฑํ๊ณ ์ ์ฅํ๋ฉฐ ํ๊ธฐํ๋ ์๋ฆฌ์ ๋ฅ๋ ฅ์ ๊ณ ์ฐฐํ๋ค. ์ด๋ ์ค์ํ ์ฃผ์ฅ์ด๋ค: ์๊ฐ ์์ ์ด ๊ณต๊ฐ ์์์ ๊ฒฝํ๋๋ ๋ฐ๋ฉด, ์ฌ์ด๋ ์ํธ๋ ๊ณต๊ฐ ์์ฒด๋ก์ ๊ฒฝํ๋๋ค. ์ด ๋
ผ๋ฌธ์ ํ์ํ๊ณผ ํ๋ ์ฌ์ด๋ ์ํธ ์ค์ฒ์ ๋ฐํ์ผ๋ก, ์ฌ์ด๋์ค์ผ์ดํ ์๊ณก์ด ์๊ฐ์ ยทํ
์คํธ์ ๋งค์ฒด์ ๊ทผ๋ณธ์ ์ผ๋ก ๋ค๋ฅธ ์์ ์ฐฝ์์ ํ์์ผ๋ก์ ๊ณ ์ ํ ๋นํ ์ดํ์ ํ๊ฐ ๊ธฐ์ค์ ํ์๋ก ํ๋ค๊ณ ์ฃผ์ฅํ๋ค.
๋ฌธํ ์ฐ๊ตฌ์ ์ํฅ์ ์ ํ
Orlov-Davydovsky (2025)๋ ๋ฌธํ ์ฐ๊ตฌ์์์ '์ํฅ์ ์ ํ(sound turn)'โ์ธ์ด์ ์ ํ์ด๋ ์๊ฐ์ ์ ํ์ ์ ๋น๋๋ ํจ๋ฌ๋ค์ ์ ํโ์ ๊ฒํ ํจ์ผ๋ก์จ ์ญ์ฌ์ ยท์ด๋ก ์ ๋งฅ๋ฝ์ ์ ๊ณตํ๋ค. ์ด ๋
ผ๋ฌธ์ ํด๋น ์ ํ์ ์ ์ ์กฐ๊ฑด์ ์ถ์ ํ๊ณ , ์ฃผ์ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ๋ก ์ ์ ๊ทผ๋ค(์ํฅ ์ํํ, ์ฌ์ด๋ ์คํฐ๋์ฆ, ์ํฅ ์ธ๋ฅํ ํฌํจ)์ ๊ท๋ช
ํ๋ฉฐ, ์ด๋ฅผ ๋ฌธํ์ ์ ํ์ ๋ ๋์ ์ญ์ฌ ์์ ์์น์ํจ๋ค. ์ด ๋ถ์์ ์ํฅ์ ์ ํ์ด ๋จ์ํ ํ๋ฌธ์ ์ ํ์ด ์๋๋ผ, ํ์๋ค์ด ๋ฌธํ๋ฅผ ์ดํดํ๋ ๋ฐฉ์์ ์ง์ ํ ์ฌ์ ํฅ์ ๋ฐ์ํ๋ค๊ณ ์ ์ํ๋คโ๋ฌธํ๋ ๋ณด๊ณ ์ฝ๋ ๊ฒ๋ง์ด ์๋๋ผ ๋ฃ๊ณ ๋๋ผ๋ ๊ฒ์ด๋ผ๋ ์ฌ์ ํฅ ๋ง์ด๋ค.
R. Murray Schafer์ ์ ์ฐ ์ฌ๊ฒํ
Haffke (2025)(์ธ์ฉ 1ํ)๋ 1970๋
๋ R. Murray Schafer์ ์ธ๊ณ ์ฌ์ด๋์ค์ผ์ดํ ํ๋ก์ ํธ(World Soundscape Project, WSP)์ ๊ธฐ์ด์ ์์
์ ๋นํ์ ์ผ๋ก ์ฌ๊ฒํ ํ๋ค. Schafer๋ '์ํฅ ์ํํ'์ด๋ผ๋ ์ฉ์ด๋ฅผ ๋ง๋ค๊ณ ์ด ๋ถ์ผ์ ํต์ฌ ๊ฐ๋
๋ค์ธ ์ฌ์ด๋์ค์ผ์ดํ, ๊ธฐ์กฐ์(keynote sound), ์ํฅ ์ ํธ(sound signal), ์ฌ์ด๋๋งํฌ(soundmark)๋ฅผ ์ ๋ฆฝํ์๋ค. Haffke์ ๋ถ์์ Schafer์ ํ๋ก์ ํธ๊ฐ ๋น๋์ ๊ณต๊ฐ์ ยท๊ธฐ์ ์ ์กฐ๊ฑด์ ์ํด ์ด๋ป๊ฒ ํ์ฑ๋์๋์ง๋ฅผ ๋๋ฌ๋ด๋ ์ธ ๊ฐ์ง ๊ฐ๋
โ๋ด์(containment), ํผ๋๋ฐฑ(feedback), ์ฐ๋ฐ์ฑ(contingency)โ์ ์ด์ ์ ๋ง์ถ๋ค. ์ด ์ฌํ๊ฐ๋ ์ค์ํ ์๋ฏธ๋ฅผ ์ง๋๋ค. Schafer์ ํ๋ ์์ํฌ๋ ๊ธฐ์ด์ ์ด์ง๋ง, ๋์งํธ ๋
น์, ์ปดํจํฐ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ ๋ถ์, ๊ธฐํ๋ณํ ์ธ์์ด ์ํฅ ํ๊ฒฝ์ ๋ํ ์ดํด๋ฅผ ์ฌํธํ๊ธฐ ์ด์ ์ ๊ฐ๋ฐ๋ ๊ฒ์ด๊ธฐ ๋๋ฌธ์ด๋ค.
์๋ฌผ์ํฅํ์ ํ์ฅ ๋
น์๊ณผ ๋์งํธ ์์นด์ด๋น
Harmon๊ณผ Abdul Wahid (2024)๋ ์ค์ง์ ์ธ ์ฌ๋ก ์ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ์ ์ํ๋ค: ์ฌ์ด๋์ค์ผ์ดํ ์๊ณก์ ์ํด ๋ฐ์ฝ ๊ตญ๋ฆฝ๊ณต์(Bako National Park)์์ ์ฌ๋ผ์(Sarawak)์ ์๋ฌผ์ํฅํ์ ์ฌ์ด๋์ค์ผ์ดํ๋ฅผ ๋งคํํ๊ณ ๋์งํธํํ๋ ํ๋ก์ ํธ์ด๋ค. ์ด ํ๋ก์ ํธ๋ ํน์ ์ํ๊ณ์ ์ํฅ์ ์๋ฌผ ๋ค์์ฑโ๊ณค์ถฉ, ์กฐ๋ฅ, ์์ฅ๋ฅ, ํ๊ฒฝ์โ์ ๋
น์ํ๊ณ ๊ณผํ์ ๋ฌธ์ํ์ ์์ ์ ์ค์ฒ ๋ชจ๋์ ํ์ฉ๋๋ ๋์งํธ ์์นด์ด๋ธ๋ฅผ ๊ตฌ์ถํ๋ค. ์์ฑ๋ ์ฌ์ด๋์ค์ผ์ดํ ์๊ณก์ ๋ฐ์ดํฐ(์ํ๊ณ์ ์ํฅ ๊ธฐ๋ก)์ธ ๋์์ ์์ (ํ ์ฅ์์ ๊ฒฝํ์ ์ ๋ฌํ๋ ์ํ)์ด๋ค. ์ด ์ด์ค์ ๊ธฐ๋ฅ์ ์ฌ์ด๋ ์ํธ์ ์ํฅ ์ํํ์ ์๋ ด์ ์ ์์ํ๋ค.
์ฌ์ด๋ ์ํธ์ ์ํฅ ์ํํ: ํต์ฌ ๊ฐ๋
<
| ๊ฐ๋
| ๊ธฐ์ | ์ ์ | ํ๋์ ์ ์ฉ |
|---|
| ์ฌ์ด๋์ค์ผ์ดํ | Schafer, 1970๋
๋ | ์ง๊ฐ๋ ์ํฅ ํ๊ฒฝ | ์ค๋งํธ ์ํฐ ์์ ๋งคํ, AI ๋ถ์ |
| ๊ธฐ์กฐ์ | Schafer, 1970๋
๋ | ํ ์ฅ์์ ํน์ง์ ์ธ ๋ฐฐ๊ฒฝ์ | ๊ธฐํ๋ณํ ์ํฅ ๋ชจ๋ํฐ๋ง |
| ์ํฅ์ ์ ํ | ๋ฌธํ ์ฐ๊ตฌ, 2010๋
๋ | ์ํฅ ๋ถ์์ผ๋ก์ ํจ๋ฌ๋ค์ ์ ํ | ํ์ ๊ฐ ์ฌ์ด๋ ์ฐ๊ตฌ |
| ์๋ฌผ์ํฅํ์ ๋งคํ | ์ํํ | ์๋ฌผ ์๋ฆฌ์ ๋
น์ ๋ฐ ๋งคํ | ์๋ฌผ ๋ค์์ฑ ๋ชจ๋ํฐ๋ง, ์ฌ์ด๋ ์ํธ |
| ์ฌ์ด๋์ค์ผ์ดํ ์๊ณก | ์ฌ์ด๋ ์ํธ | ํ๊ฒฝ ๋
น์์ผ๋ก ์ฐฝ์๋ ์์ | ํ๊ฒฝ ์นํธ, ์ ์ฐ ๋ณด์กด |
์ฃผ๋ชฉํ ๋ํฅ
AI ๊ธฐ๋ฐ ์๋ฌผ์ํฅํ ๋ถ์๊ณผ ์ฌ์ด๋ ์ํธ ์ค์ฒ์ ํตํฉ์ ์๋ก์ด ๊ฐ๋ฅ์ฑ์ ์ด์ด ์ค ๊ฒ์ด๋ค: ์ํ ๋ฐ์ดํฐ๋ฅผ ๋ฏธ์ ๊ฒฝํ์ผ๋ก ๋ณํํ๋ ์ค์๊ฐ ์ฌ์ด๋์ค์ผ์ดํ ์๋ํผ์ผ์ด์
(sonification), ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ ๋ค์ํ ๊ธฐํ ์๋๋ฆฌ์ค ํ์์ ํ๊ฒฝ์ด ์ด๋ป๊ฒ ๋ค๋ฆด์ง๋ฅผ '์ฒญ์ทจ'ํ ์ ์๊ฒ ํด ์ฃผ๋ ์์ธก์ ์ฌ์ด๋์ค์ผ์ดํ ๋ชจ๋ธ๋ง์ด ๊ทธ๊ฒ์ด๋ค. ๊ธ๋ก๋ฒ ์ฌ์ด๋์ค์ผ์ดํ ๋ชจ๋ํฐ๋ง ๋คํธ์ํฌ์ ๋ฐ์ (Acoustic Observatory์ Rainforest Connection ๊ฐ์ ํ๋ก์ ํธ๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ์ผ๋ก)๊ณผ, ๊ธฐํ ํ๋์ฃผ์ ๋ฐ ํ๊ฒฝ ์ ์ฑ
์นํธ์์ ์ฌ์ด๋ ์ํธ์ ์ญํ ํ๋์ ์ฃผ๋ชฉํ ํ์๊ฐ ์๋คโ์ํ์ ๋ณํ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ์ํํ๋ ๊ฒ๋ณด๋ค ์ฒญ๊ฐํํ๋ ๊ฒ์ด ๋๋ก๋ ๋ ๊ฐ๋ ฅํ ํ์ ๋ฐํํ ์ ์๊ธฐ ๋๋ฌธ์ด๋ค.
๊ด๋ จ ์ฐ๊ตฌ๋ ORAA ResearchBrain์ ํตํด ํ์ํ ์ ์๋ค.
References (5)
[1] Rizal, R. (2025). Soundscape as Art: On the Spatiality of Sound Art and the Shaping of Memory.
[2] Orlov-Davydovsky, G. A. (2025). The sound turn in cultural studies. Philosophy and Art.
[3] Haffke, M. (2025). "The spaces of sight and sound"โContainment, feedback, and contingency in R. Murray Schafer's acoustic ecology. Sound Studies.
[4] Harmon, H., & Abdul Wahid, H. (2024). Mapping and Digitizing Sarawak Bioacoustic for Soundscape Composition: The Bako National Park Project. Malaysian Journal of Music, 13(1).
Haffke, M. (2025). โThe spaces of sight and soundโ โ Containment, feedback, and contingency in R. Murray Schaferยดs acoustic ecology. Sound Studies, 11(2), 210-233.