Trend AnalysisLaw & Policy
Cryptocurrency Regulation and Securities Law: The Classification Problem
Cryptocurrencies defy existing legal categories: they function as currency, commodity, security, and utility token depending on context. Regulators worldwide are grappling with classification frameworks that determine which agencies have authority and which rules apply. Three 2025 papers trace the divergent approaches.
By Sean K.S. Shin
This blog summarizes research trends based on published paper abstracts. Specific numbers or findings may contain inaccuracies. For scholarly rigor, always consult the original papers cited in each post.
Bitcoin was designed to operate outside the traditional financial system. Fifteen years later, the traditional financial system is determined to bring it inside. The fundamental challenge is classification: is a cryptocurrency a currency, a commodity, a security, a payment instrument, or something entirely new? The answer determines which regulator has jurisdiction, which rules apply, and what protections are available to participants.
The EU's Markets in Crypto-Assets Regulation (MiCA), which entered full application in December 2024, represents the first comprehensive regulatory framework for crypto-assets in a major jurisdiction. The US, by contrast, continues to regulate through enforcement actions and the contested application of the 1946 Howey test for securities classification. Other jurisdictionsโIndia, Indonesia, Ukraine, the Gulf statesโare developing their own frameworks under pressure from rapid market growth and cross-border capital flows.
Why It Matters
The cryptocurrency market, despite significant volatility, represents trillions of dollars in value. Regulatory uncertainty creates real harm: investors lack clear protections, legitimate businesses face compliance ambiguity, and illicit actors exploit jurisdictional gaps. The classification question is not abstractโit determines whether a token offering requires securities registration (costly, time-consuming, with ongoing disclosure obligations) or can proceed with lighter-touch regulation.
Simultaneously, central bank digital currencies (CBDCs) are advancing in parallel, creating a government-backed alternative to private cryptocurrencies that raises its own regulatory questions. The interaction between private crypto regulation and CBDC development will shape the future of digital finance.
Payment Regulation Trends
Volynets (2025) examines current trends in the legal regulation of cryptocurrency payments, with a focus on Ukrainian and international practices. The paper traces Bitcoin's emergence and the subsequent proliferation of crypto-assets, arguing that payment regulation is the domain where cryptocurrency's legal status matters most immediately to ordinary users.
Key findings include the observation that most jurisdictions have adopted one of three approaches to crypto payments: prohibition (China, Egypt, pre-2024 Turkey), permissive regulation (El Salvador's adoption of Bitcoin as legal tender), or conditional authorization (EU's MiCA framework, which allows crypto-asset service providers to operate under license). The paper argues that the conditional authorization model is becoming dominant, as outright prohibition has proven difficult to enforce and unconditional permissiveness creates consumer protection gaps.
The paper also identifies an emerging consensus around anti-money laundering (AML) requirements as the minimum regulatory baselineโeven jurisdictions that disagree about classification generally agree that crypto transactions should be subject to know-your-customer (KYC) and suspicious transaction reporting requirements.
Smart Contract Challenges
Bukhtiar and Rehman Saleem (2025) address the legal challenges specific to smart contractsโself-executing digital agreements whose terms are encoded in blockchain protocols. The paper identifies a fundamental tension: smart contracts are designed to execute automatically and immutably, but contract law requires the possibility of modification, rescission, and judicial intervention.
Specific challenges include:
- Formation: When does a smart contract constitute a legally binding agreement? Traditional contract law requires offer, acceptance, consideration, and intention to create legal relationsโelements that may be ambiguous in automated code execution.
- Interpretation: If the code executes differently from what the parties intended, does the code or the intent govern? The "code is law" philosophy conflicts with contract law's emphasis on the parties' reasonable expectations.
- Jurisdiction: A smart contract on a decentralized blockchain has no physical location, making it difficult to determine which court has jurisdiction over disputes.
- Consumer protection: Automated execution may disadvantage consumers who do not understand the code they are agreeing to, undermining informed consent.
India's Evolving Framework
Khandeparkar (2025) provides a detailed examination of India's approach, analyzing the roles and limitations of existing regulatory frameworks under SEBI (securities regulation), the RBI (monetary policy and payment systems), and PMLA (anti-money laundering). India's approach has been notably ambivalent: the RBI attempted to ban banks from servicing crypto businesses in 2018 (overturned by the Supreme Court in 2020), while the government imposed a 30% tax on crypto gains in 2022 without clarifying the legal status of the assets themselves.
The paper identifies India's current position as "regulation through taxation"โtreating crypto as a taxable asset without formally classifying it within any regulatory framework. This creates a paradox where the government collects revenue from an activity it has neither endorsed nor prohibited, leaving market participants in a gray zone.
Comparative Classification Framework
<
| Jurisdiction | Classification | Primary Regulator | Key Instrument |
|---|
| EU | Crypto-assets (distinct category) | National competent authorities under MiCA | MiCA (2024) |
| US | Security (if Howey test met) / Commodity | SEC / CFTC (contested) | Case-by-case enforcement |
| India | Virtual digital asset (tax category) | RBI / SEBI (unclear) | Finance Act 2022 (tax only) |
| UK | Cryptoasset (regulated activity) | FCA | Financial Services and Markets Act 2023 |
| Japan | Payment instrument / crypto-asset | FSA | Payment Services Act / FIEA |
What To Watch
MiCA's first year of full implementation (2025-2026) will be the most important test case for comprehensive crypto regulation. Whether it achieves its goals of investor protection and market stability without driving innovation to less regulated jurisdictions will inform regulatory choices globally. In the US, the outcome of pending legislation (the FIT21 Act and the Stablecoin bill) and the resolution of SEC enforcement actions against major exchanges will determine whether the US moves toward a classification framework or continues its enforcement-first approach. The convergence or divergence of these two regulatory philosophies will define the global crypto regulatory landscape for the next decade.
๋ฉด์ฑ
์กฐํญ: ์ด ํฌ์คํธ๋ ์ ๋ณด ์ ๊ณต ๋ชฉ์ ์ ์ฐ๊ตฌ ๋ํฅ ๊ฐ์์ด๋ค. ํ์ ์ฐ๊ตฌ์์ ์ธ์ฉํ๊ธฐ ์ ์ ๊ตฌ์ฒด์ ์ธ ์ฐ๊ตฌ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ, ํต๊ณ ๋ฐ ์ฃผ์ฅ์ ์๋ณธ ๋
ผ๋ฌธ๊ณผ ๋์กฐํ์ฌ ํ์ธํด์ผ ํ๋ค.
์ํธํํ ๊ท์ ์ ์ฆ๊ถ๋ฒ: ๋ถ๋ฅ ๋ฌธ์
๋นํธ์ฝ์ธ์ ์ ํต์ ์ธ ๊ธ์ต ์์คํ
๋ฐ์์ ์๋ํ๋๋ก ์ค๊ณ๋์๋ค. 15๋
์ด ์ง๋ ์ง๊ธ, ์ ํต์ ์ธ ๊ธ์ต ์์คํ
์ ์ด๋ฅผ ๋ด๋ถ๋ก ํธ์
์ํค๋ ค ํ๊ณ ์๋ค. ํต์ฌ์ ์ธ ๊ณผ์ ๋ ๋ถ๋ฅ์ ๋ฌธ์ ์ด๋ค. ์ฆ, ์ํธํํ๊ฐ ํตํ์ธ์ง, ์ํ์ธ์ง, ์ฆ๊ถ์ธ์ง, ์ง๊ธ ์๋จ์ธ์ง, ์๋๋ฉด ์์ ํ ์๋ก์ด ๋ฌด์ธ๊ฐ์ธ์ง์ ๋ฌธ์ ์ด๋ค. ์ด ๋ต์ ๋ฐ๋ผ ์ด๋ ๊ท์ ๊ธฐ๊ด์ด ๊ดํ ๊ถ์ ๊ฐ๋์ง, ์ด๋ค ๊ท์น์ด ์ ์ฉ๋๋์ง, ์ฐธ์ฌ์์๊ฒ ์ด๋ค ๋ณดํธ๊ฐ ์ ๊ณต๋๋์ง๊ฐ ๊ฒฐ์ ๋๋ค.
2024๋
12์์ ์ ๋ฉด ์ ์ฉ์ ๋ค์ด๊ฐ EU์ ์ํธํํ ์์ฐ ์์ฅ ๊ท์ (MiCA, Markets in Crypto-Assets Regulation)์ ์ฃผ์ ๋ฒ์ ๊ดํ ๊ถ์์ ์ํธํํ ์์ฐ์ ๋ํ ์ต์ด์ ํฌ๊ด์ ๊ท์ ์ฒด๊ณ๋ฅผ ๋ํํ๋ค. ๋ฐ๋ฉด ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์ ์งํ ์กฐ์น์ ์ฆ๊ถ ๋ถ๋ฅ๋ฅผ ์ํ 1946๋
Howey ํ
์คํธ์ ๋
ผ์์ ์ ์ฉ์ ํตํด ๊ท์ ๋ฅผ ์ง์ํ๊ณ ์๋ค. ์ธ๋, ์ธ๋๋ค์์, ์ฐํฌ๋ผ์ด๋, ๊ฑธํ ๊ตญ๊ฐ๋ค์ ๋น๋กฏํ ๋ค๋ฅธ ๋ฒ์ ๊ดํ ๊ถ๋ค์ ๊ธ๊ฒฉํ ์์ฅ ์ฑ์ฅ๊ณผ ๊ตญ๊ฐ ๊ฐ ์๋ณธ ํ๋ฆ์ ์๋ฐ ์์์ ์์ฒด์ ์ธ ์ฒด๊ณ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ์ ์ํค๊ณ ์๋ค.
์ค์์ฑ
์ํธํํ ์์ฅ์ ์๋นํ ๋ณ๋์ฑ์๋ ๋ถ๊ตฌํ๊ณ ์์กฐ ๋ฌ๋ฌ์ ๊ฐ์น๋ฅผ ์ง๋๋ค. ๊ท์ ์ ๋ถํ์ค์ฑ์ ์ค์ง์ ์ธ ํผํด๋ฅผ ์ด๋ํ๋ค. ์ฆ, ํฌ์์๋ค์ ๋ช
ํํ ๋ณดํธ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ์ง ๋ชปํ๊ณ , ํฉ๋ฒ์ ์ธ ์ฌ์
์ฒด๋ค์ ์ปดํ๋ผ์ด์ธ์ค ๋ชจํธ์ฑ์ ์ง๋ฉดํ๋ฉฐ, ๋ถ๋ฒ ํ์์๋ค์ ๊ดํ ๊ถ์ ๊ณต๋ฐฑ์ ์
์ฉํ๋ค. ๋ถ๋ฅ ๋ฌธ์ ๋ ์ถ์์ ์ธ ๊ฒ์ด ์๋๋ค. ์ด๋ ํ ํฐ ๋ฐํ์ด ์ฆ๊ถ ๋ฑ๋ก(๋น์ฉ์ด ๋ง์ด ๋ค๊ณ ์๊ฐ์ด ๊ฑธ๋ฆฌ๋ฉฐ ์ง์์ ์ธ ๊ณต์ ์๋ฌด๋ฅผ ์๋ฐํจ)์ ํ์๋ก ํ๋์ง, ์๋๋ฉด ๊ฐ๋ฒผ์ด ๊ท์ ๋ก ์งํํ ์ ์๋์ง๋ฅผ ๊ฒฐ์ ํ๋ค.
๋์์ ์ค์์ํ ๋์งํธ ํํ(CBDC, central bank digital currencies)๊ฐ ๋ณํํ์ฌ ๋ฐ์ ํ๊ณ ์์ผ๋ฉฐ, ์ด๋ ๋ฏผ๊ฐ ์ํธํํ์ ๋ํ ์ ๋ถ ์ง์์ ๋์์ ๋ง๋ค์ด ๋ด๋ฉด์ ๊ทธ ์์ฒด๋ก ์๋ก์ด ๊ท์ ๋ฌธ์ ๋ฅผ ์ ๊ธฐํ๋ค. ๋ฏผ๊ฐ ์ํธํํ ๊ท์ ์ CBDC ๊ฐ๋ฐ ๊ฐ์ ์ํธ์์ฉ์ ๋์งํธ ๊ธ์ต์ ๋ฏธ๋๋ฅผ ํ์ฑํ๊ฒ ๋ ๊ฒ์ด๋ค.
์ง๊ธ ๊ท์ ๋ํฅ
Volynets(2025)๋ ์ฐํฌ๋ผ์ด๋ ๋ฐ ๊ตญ์ ๊ดํ์ ์ค์ฌ์ผ๋ก ์ํธํํ ์ง๊ธ์ ๋ฒ์ ๊ท์ ์ ๊ดํ ํ์ฌ ๋ํฅ์ ๊ฒํ ํ๋ค. ์ด ๋
ผ๋ฌธ์ ๋นํธ์ฝ์ธ์ ๋ฑ์ฅ๊ณผ ์ดํ ์ํธํํ ์์ฐ์ ํ์ฐ์ ์ถ์ ํ๋ฉฐ, ์ง๊ธ ๊ท์ ๊ฐ ์ํธํํ์ ๋ฒ์ ์ง์๊ฐ ์ผ๋ฐ ์ด์ฉ์์๊ฒ ๊ฐ์ฅ ์ฆ๊ฐ์ ์ผ๋ก ์ค์ํ ์์ญ์ด๋ผ๊ณ ์ฃผ์ฅํ๋ค.
์ฃผ์ ์ฐ๊ตฌ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์ ๋ฐ๋ฅด๋ฉด, ๋๋ถ๋ถ์ ๋ฒ์ ๊ดํ ๊ถ์ ์ํธํํ ์ง๊ธ์ ๋ํด ์ธ ๊ฐ์ง ์ ๊ทผ ๋ฐฉ์ ์ค ํ๋๋ฅผ ์ฑํํ๊ณ ์๋ค. ์ฆ, ๊ธ์ง(์ค๊ตญ, ์ด์งํธ, 2024๋
์ด์ ํฐํค), ํ์ฉ์ ๊ท์ (๋นํธ์ฝ์ธ์ ๋ฒ์ ํตํ๋ก ์ฑํํ ์์ด๋ฐ๋๋ฅด), ์กฐ๊ฑด๋ถ ์ธ๊ฐ(์ํธํํ ์์ฐ ์๋น์ค ์ ๊ณต์
์ฒด๊ฐ ๋ผ์ด์ ์ค ํ์ ์ด์ํ ์ ์๋๋ก ํ์ฉํ๋ EU์ MiCA ์ฒด๊ณ)์ด๋ค. ์ด ๋
ผ๋ฌธ์ ์ ๋ฉด์ ์ธ ๊ธ์ง๊ฐ ์งํํ๊ธฐ ์ด๋ ต๊ณ ๋ฌด์กฐ๊ฑด์ ์ธ ํ์ฉ์ด ์๋น์ ๋ณดํธ ๊ณต๋ฐฑ์ ์ด๋ํ๋ ๊ฒ์ผ๋ก ๋๋ฌ๋ฌ๊ธฐ ๋๋ฌธ์ ์กฐ๊ฑด๋ถ ์ธ๊ฐ ๋ชจ๋ธ์ด ์ง๋ฐฐ์ ์ผ๋ก ๋๊ณ ์๋ค๊ณ ์ฃผ์ฅํ๋ค.
๋ํ ์ด ๋
ผ๋ฌธ์ ์ต์ํ์ ๊ท์ ๊ธฐ์ค์ ์ผ๋ก์ ์๊ธ์ธํ๋ฐฉ์ง(AML, anti-money laundering) ์๊ฑด์ ๋ํ ์ ํฅ ๊ณต๊ฐ๋๋ฅผ ํ์ธํ๋ค. ์ฆ, ๋ถ๋ฅ์ ๋ํด ์๊ฒฌ์ด ๋ค๋ฅธ ๋ฒ์ ๊ดํ ๊ถ๋ค์กฐ์ฐจ๋ ์ํธํํ ๊ฑฐ๋๊ฐ ๊ณ ๊ฐ์ ์ํ์ธ(KYC, know-your-customer) ๋ฐ ์์ฌ ๊ฑฐ๋ ๋ณด๊ณ ์๊ฑด์ ์ ์ฉ์ ๋ฐ์์ผ ํ๋ค๋ ์ ์์๋ ๋์ฒด๋ก ๋์ํ๊ณ ์๋ค.
์ค๋งํธ ๊ณ์ฝ์ ๊ณผ์
Bukhtiar์ Rehman Saleem(2025)์ ๋ธ๋ก์ฒด์ธ ํ๋กํ ์ฝ์ ์กฐ๊ฑด์ด ์ธ์ฝ๋ฉ๋ ์๊ธฐ ์คํ ๋์งํธ ๊ณ์ฝ์ธ ์ค๋งํธ ๊ณ์ฝ์ ํน์ ํ ๋ฒ์ ๊ณผ์ ๋ฅผ ๋ค๋ฃฌ๋ค. ์ด ๋
ผ๋ฌธ์ ๊ทผ๋ณธ์ ์ธ ๊ธด์ฅ ๊ด๊ณ๋ฅผ ํ์ธํ๋ค. ์ค๋งํธ ๊ณ์ฝ์ ์๋์ ์ด๊ณ ๋ถ๋ณ์ ์ผ๋ก ์คํ๋๋๋ก ์ค๊ณ๋์ด ์์ง๋ง, ๊ณ์ฝ๋ฒ์ ๋ณ๊ฒฝ, ํด์ ๋ฐ ์ฌ๋ฒ์ ๊ฐ์
์ ๊ฐ๋ฅ์ฑ์ ์๊ตฌํ๋ค๋ ๊ฒ์ด๋ค.
๊ตฌ์ฒด์ ์ธ ๊ณผ์ ๋ ๋ค์๊ณผ ๊ฐ๋ค:
- ์ฑ๋ฆฝ(Formation): ์ค๋งํธ ๊ณ์ฝ์ ์ธ์ ๋ฒ์ ๊ตฌ์๋ ฅ ์๋ ํฉ์๋ฅผ ๊ตฌ์ฑํ๋๊ฐ? ์ ํต์ ์ธ ๊ณ์ฝ๋ฒ์ ์ฒญ์ฝ, ์น๋, ์ฝ์ธ(consideration), ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ ๋ฒ์ ๊ด๊ณ๋ฅผ ํ์ฑํ๋ ค๋ ์์ฌ๋ฅผ ์๊ตฌํ๋๋ฐ, ์ด๋ฌํ ์์๋ค์ ์๋ํ๋ ์ฝ๋ ์คํ์์ ๋ชจํธํ ์ ์๋ค.
- ํด์(Interpretation): ์ฝ๋๊ฐ ๋น์ฌ์๋ค์ด ์๋ํ ๊ฒ๊ณผ ๋ค๋ฅด๊ฒ ์คํ๋ ๊ฒฝ์ฐ, ์ฝ๋์ ์๋ ์ค ์ด๋ ๊ฒ์ด ์ฐ์ ํ๋๊ฐ? "์ฝ๋๊ฐ ๊ณง ๋ฒ(code is law)"์ด๋ผ๋ ์ฒ ํ์ ๋น์ฌ์๋ค์ ํฉ๋ฆฌ์ ๊ธฐ๋๋ฅผ ์ค์ํ๋ ๊ณ์ฝ๋ฒ๊ณผ ์ถฉ๋ํ๋ค.
- ๊ดํ ๊ถ(Jurisdiction): ํ์ค์ํ ๋ธ๋ก์ฒด์ธ ์์ ์ค๋งํธ ๊ณ์ฝ์ ๋ฌผ๋ฆฌ์ ์์ฌ์ง๊ฐ ์์ด, ๋ถ์์ ๋ํด ์ด๋ ๋ฒ์์ด ๊ดํ ๊ถ์ ๊ฐ์ง๋์ง ๊ฒฐ์ ํ๊ธฐ ์ด๋ ต๋ค.
- ์๋น์ ๋ณดํธ(Consumer protection): ์๋ํ๋ ์คํ์ ์์ ์ด ๋์ํ๋ ์ฝ๋๋ฅผ ์ดํดํ์ง ๋ชปํ๋ ์๋น์์๊ฒ ๋ถ๋ฆฌํ๊ฒ ์์ฉํ ์ ์์ผ๋ฉฐ, ์ด๋ ์ถฉ๋ถํ ์ ๋ณด์ ๊ธฐ๋ฐํ ๋์(informed consent)๋ฅผ ํผ์ํ๋ค.
์ธ๋์ ์งํํ๋ ๊ท์ ์ฒด๊ณ
Khandeparkar(2025)๋ SEBI(์ฆ๊ถ ๊ท์ ), RBI(ํตํ ์ ์ฑ
๋ฐ ์ง๊ธ ์์คํ
), PMLA(์๊ธ์ธํ๋ฐฉ์ง) ๋ฑ ๊ธฐ์กด ๊ท์ ์ฒด๊ณ์ ์ญํ ๊ณผ ํ๊ณ๋ฅผ ๋ถ์ํ๋ฉฐ ์ธ๋์ ์ ๊ทผ ๋ฐฉ์์ ์์ธํ ๊ฒํ ํ๋ค. ์ธ๋์ ์ ๊ทผ ๋ฐฉ์์ ํ์ ํ ์๋ฉด์ ์ด์๋ค. RBI๋ 2018๋
์ํธํํ ์ฌ์
์ฒด์ ๋ํ ์ํ ์๋น์ค๋ฅผ ๊ธ์งํ๋ ค ์๋ํ์ผ๋(2020๋
๋๋ฒ์์ ์ํด ๋ฌดํจํ), ์ ๋ถ๋ 2022๋
์ํธํํ ์์ต์ 30% ์ธ๊ธ์ ๋ถ๊ณผํ๋ฉด์๋ ํด๋น ์์ฐ์ ๋ฒ์ ์ง์๋ฅผ ๋ช
ํํ ํ์ง ์์๋ค.
ํด๋น ๋
ผ๋ฌธ์ ์ธ๋์ ํ์ฌ ์
์ฅ์ "๊ณผ์ธ๋ฅผ ํตํ ๊ท์ "๋ก ๊ท์ ํ๋ค. ์ฆ, ์ํธํํ๋ฅผ ์ด๋ ํ ๊ท์ ์ฒด๊ณ ๋ด์์๋ ๊ณต์์ ์ผ๋ก ๋ถ๋ฅํ์ง ์์ผ๋ฉด์ ๊ณผ์ธ ๋์ ์์ฐ์ผ๋ก ์ทจ๊ธํ๋ ๊ฒ์ด๋ค. ์ด๋ ์ ๋ถ๊ฐ ๊ณต์ธํ์ง๋ ๊ธ์งํ์ง๋ ์์ ํ๋์ผ๋ก๋ถํฐ ์ธ์๋ฅผ ๊ฑฐ๋๋ ์ญ์ค์ ๋ณ์ผ๋ฉฐ, ์์ฅ ์ฐธ์ฌ์๋ค์ ํ์์ง๋์ ๋ฐฉ์นํ๋ค.
๋น๊ต ๋ถ๋ฅ ์ฒด๊ณ
<
| ๊ดํ ๊ถ | ๋ถ๋ฅ | ์ฃผ์ ๊ท์ ๊ธฐ๊ด | ํต์ฌ ๊ท์ ์๋จ |
|---|
| EU | ์ํธ์์ฐ(๋ณ๋ ๋ฒ์ฃผ) | MiCA ํ์ ๊ตญ๊ฐ ๊ดํ ๋น๊ตญ | MiCA (2024) |
| ๋ฏธ๊ตญ | ์ฆ๊ถ(Howey ํ
์คํธ ์ถฉ์กฑ ์) / ์ํ | SEC / CFTC (๋ถ์ ์ค) | ์ฌ๋ก๋ณ ์งํ |
| ์ธ๋ | ๊ฐ์ ๋์งํธ ์์ฐ(์ธ๊ธ ๋ฒ์ฃผ) | RBI / SEBI (๋ถ๋ช
ํ) | Finance Act 2022 (์ธ๊ธ๋ง ํด๋น) |
| ์๊ตญ | ์ํธ์์ฐ(๊ท์ ๋์ ํ๋) | FCA | Financial Services and Markets Act 2023 |
| ์ผ๋ณธ | ์ง๊ธ ์๋จ / ์ํธ์์ฐ | FSA | Payment Services Act / FIEA |
์ฃผ๋ชฉํ ์ฌํญ
MiCA์ ์ฒซ ๋ฒ์งธ ์ ๋ฉด ์ํ ์ฐ๋(2025~2026๋
)๋ ํฌ๊ด์ ์ํธํํ ๊ท์ ์ ๋ํ ๊ฐ์ฅ ์ค์ํ ์ํ๋๊ฐ ๋ ๊ฒ์ด๋ค. MiCA๊ฐ ํ์ ์ ๊ท์ ๊ฐ ๋์จํ ๊ดํ ๊ถ์ผ๋ก ์ ์ถ์ํค์ง ์์ผ๋ฉด์ ํฌ์์ ๋ณดํธ์ ์์ฅ ์์ ์ด๋ผ๋ ๋ชฉํ๋ฅผ ๋ฌ์ฑํ ์ ์๋์ง ์ฌ๋ถ๋ ์ ์ธ๊ณ ๊ท์ ์ ํ์ ์ํฅ์ ๋ฏธ์น ๊ฒ์ด๋ค. ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์์๋ ๊ณ๋ฅ ์ค์ธ ๋ฒ์(FIT21 Act ๋ฐ ์คํ
์ด๋ธ์ฝ์ธ ๋ฒ์)์ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์ ์ฃผ์ ๊ฑฐ๋์์ ๋ํ SEC ์งํ ์กฐ์น์ ํด๊ฒฐ ๋ฐฉํฅ์ด, ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์ด ๋ถ๋ฅ ์ฒด๊ณ๋ก ๋์๊ฐ์ง ์๋๋ฉด ์งํ ์ฐ์ ์ ๊ทผ ๋ฐฉ์์ ์ ์งํ ์ง๋ฅผ ๊ฒฐ์ ํ ๊ฒ์ด๋ค. ์ด ๋ ๊ฐ์ง ๊ท์ ์ฒ ํ์ ์๋ ด ๋๋ ๋ถ๊ธฐ๋ ํฅํ 10๋
๊ฐ ๊ธ๋ก๋ฒ ์ํธํํ ๊ท์ ํ๊ฒฝ์ ์ ์ํ ๊ฒ์ด๋ค.
References (3)
[1] Volynets, V. (2025). Current Trends in Legal Regulation of Cryptocurrency Payments.
[2] Bukhtiar, A., & Rehman Saleem, H.A. (2025). Blockchain and Cryptocurrency: Legal Challenges in Implementing Smart Contracts. Research Journal of Social, 3(1), 101.
[3] Khandeparkar, A. (2025). Regulation of Cryptocurrency by Indian Law and Agencies. IJFMR, 7(3), 46742.